www gnu/manifesto.ar.html gnu/manifesto.ca.html...

[Yavor Doganov]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Yavor Doganov <yavor>   10/04/22 08:26:14

Modified files:
        gnu            : manifesto.ar.html manifesto.ca.html 
                         manifesto.fr.html manifesto.sr.html 
                         manifesto.tr.html 
        philosophy     : freedom-or-copyright.fa.html 
                         freedom-or-copyright.fr.html fs-motives.ca.html 
                         fs-motives.fr.html 
        philosophy/po  : fs-motives.ca.po fs-motives.fr.po 
                         fs-motives.pot 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.ca.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.28&r2=1.29
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.sr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.tr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.fa.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.25&r2=1.26
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/fs-motives.ca.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/fs-motives.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/fs-motives.ca.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/fs-motives.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/fs-motives.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2

Patches:
Index: gnu/manifesto.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/manifesto.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- gnu/manifesto.ar.html       13 Jan 2010 09:26:32 -0000      1.3
+++ gnu/manifesto.ar.html       22 Apr 2010 08:26:04 -0000      1.4
@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@
 <h3>ما هو غنو؟ غنو ليس يونكس!</h3>
 
 <p>
-   غنو -المشتق من غنو ليس يونكس- اسم نظام 
التشغيل البرمجي الكامل المتوافق مع
-يونكس الذي أقوم بكتابته لأوزعه بالمجان على 
أي شخص يستطيع استخدامه.<a
-href="#f1">(1)</a> يقوم عدد من المتطوعين بمساعدتي. 
نحن بأمس الحاجة إلى
-المساهمة بالوقت والمال والبرامج والم
عدات.</p>
+   GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete
+Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it
+away free to everyone who can use it.<a href="#f1">(1)</a> Several other
+volunteers are helping me.  Contributions of time, money, programs and
+equipment are greatly needed.</p>
 
 <p>
    إلى الآن لدينا محرر النصوص إيماكس مع أوام
ر Lisp للكتابة ومنقح للمستوى
@@ -74,8 +75,8 @@
    So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided to
 put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to
 get along without any software that is not free.  I have resigned from the
-AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away <a
-href="#f2a">(2a)</a>.</p>
+AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away.<a
+href="#f2a">(2)</a></p>
 
 <h3>لماذا سيتوافق غنو مع يونكس</h3>
 
@@ -155,8 +156,8 @@
 <h3>لماذا سيستفيد كل مستخدمي الحاسوب</h3>
 
 <p>
-   عندما ننتهي من كتابة غنو، سوف يتمكن الجم
يع من الحصول على نظام تشغيل برمجي
-جيد مجاني كالهواء.<a href="#f2">(2)</a></p>
+   Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system software
+free, just like air.<a href="#f2">(3)</a></p>
 
 <p>
    هذا يعني أكثر من مجرد توفير سعر رخصة 
يونكس على الجميع. يعني أن الجهد المتكرر
@@ -205,9 +206,9 @@
 الدعم.&ldquo;</strong></p>
 
 <p>
-   إذا فضّل الناس الدفع مقابل غنو زائدًا 
الخدمة بدلًا من الحصول عليه بالمجان
-بدون الخدمة، فسوف تفي بالغرض شركة تقدم 
الخدمة للذين حصلوا عليه بالمجان وسوف
-تكون مُربحة.<a href="#f3">(3)</a></p>
+   If people would rather pay for GNU plus service than get GNU free without
+service, a company to provide just service to people who have obtained GNU
+free ought to be profitable.<a href="#f3">(4)</a></p>
 
 <p>
    يجب أن نفرق بين الدعم بمعنى العمل البرمجي 
الحقيقي وبين مجرد الدعم الشخصي. لا
@@ -249,9 +250,10 @@
 المستخدمون الذين يستفيدون من الإعلانات 
لها.</p>
 
 <p>
-   في المقابل، إذا حصل أشخاص كثر على غنو من 
أصدقائهم، ولم تنجح مثل هذه الشركات،
-فهذا سيثبت أن الإعلان ليس ضروريًا لنجاح 
غنو. لماذا لا يريد مؤيدو السوق الحرة
-للسوق الحرة أن تقرر؟<a href="#f4">(4)</a></p>
+   On the other hand, if many people get GNU from their friends, and such
+companies don't succeed, this will show that advertising was not really
+necessary to spread GNU.  Why is it that free market advocates don't want to
+let the free market decide this?<a href="#f4">(5)</a></p>
 
 <p>
 <strong>&rdquo;شركتي تحتاج نظام تشغيل احتكاري 
لتنافس في
@@ -265,8 +267,8 @@
 الوقوع في تجارة بيع أنظمة التشغيل الم
ُكلفة.</p>
 
 <p>
-   إنني أتمنى أن أرى تطوير غنو مدعومًا بهبات 
من المصانع والمستخدمين، بحيث تقل
-التكلفة على الجميع.<a href="#f5">(5)</a></p>
+   I would like to see GNU development supported by gifts from many
+manufacturers and users, reducing the cost to each.<a href="#f5">(6)</a></p>
 
 <p>
 <strong>&rdquo;ألا يستحق المبرمجون مكافأة لهم على 
إبداعهم؟&ldquo;</strong></p>
@@ -318,7 +320,7 @@
 
 <p>
    Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.  It is
-the most common basis <a href="#f8">(8)</a> because it brings in the most
+the most common basis<a href="#f8">(7)</a> because it brings in the most
 money.  If it were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software
 business would move to other bases of organization which are now used less
 often.  There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
@@ -338,9 +340,11 @@
 أشخاص آخرين؛ وهو غالبًا يجعل حياة الأخرين 
أصعب.</p>
 
 <p>
-   يقول الذين درسوا قضية الملكية الفكرية<a 
href="#f6">(6)</a> بعناية
-(كالمحامين) بعدم وجود أصل حقيقي للملكية 
الفكرية. أنواع الملكية الفكرية
-المفترضة التي تعترف الحكومة بها أُحدِثت 
بقوانين خاصة تشريعية لأغراض خاصة.</p>
+   People who have studied the issue of intellectual property rights<a
+href="#f6">(8)</a> carefully (such as lawyers) say that there is no
+intrinsic right to intellectual property.  The kinds of supposed
+intellectual property rights that the government recognizes were created by
+specific acts of legislation for specific purposes.</p>
 
 <p>
    على سبيل المثال، أُسّس نظام براءة 
الاختراع لحث المخترعين على الكشف عن
@@ -443,9 +447,10 @@
    يمكن أيضًا أن يُوَظّف المبرمجون في خدمات 
التعليم والدعم الشخصي والصيانة.</p>
 
 <p>
-   يستطيع الأشخاص الذين لديهم أفكار جديد 
توزيع البرامج كبرمجيات مجانية<a
-href="#f7">(7)</a>، وطلب تبرعات من المستخدمين 
الراضين أو بيع خدمات دعم
-شخصي. لقد التقيت أشخاصًا يعملون بهذه 
الطريقة بنجاح.</p>
+   People with new ideas could distribute programs as freeware<a
+href="#f7">(9)</a>, asking for donations from satisfied users, or selling
+hand-holding services.  I have met people who are already working this way
+successfully.</p>
 
 <p>
    يستطيع المستخدمون الذين لهم احتياجات م
تقاربة تشكيل مجموعات مستخدمين تدفع
@@ -496,6 +501,9 @@
 
 <h4>هوامش</h4>
 
+<!-- The anchors do not match the actual footnote numbers because of
+     revisions over time.  And if a new footnote is added, the references
+     to existing footnotes that follow the new one must be changed.  -->
 <ol>
 <li><a name="f1"></a>لم تكن الصياغة مناسبة. كان الم
قصد أن عدم الحاجة إلى الدفع
 للحصول على <b>إذن</b> باستخدام غنو. لكن 
العبارة لم توضح ذلك وفسرها الناس على
@@ -508,17 +516,18 @@
 البرمجيات، فهذا أفضل بكثير. ما يهم هو أن كل 
شخص لديه نسخة [من البرنامج] لديه
 حرية التعاون مع الآخرين الذين يستخدمونه.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression &ldquo;give away&rdquo; is another
+indication that I had not yet clearly separated the issue of price from that
+of freedom.  We now recommend avoiding this expression when talking about
+free software.  See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Confusing Words
+and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f2"></a>هذا موضع آخر فشلت فيه في 
التفريق بدقة بين معنيين مختلفية
 لكلمة &rdquo;free&ldquo; في اللغة الإنجليزية. الجم
لة بوضعها الحالي ليست
 خطًأ؛ فإبمكانك الحصول على نسخ من برمجيات 
غنو بلا مقابل، من أصدقائك أو عبر
 الشبكة؛ لكنها لا تنفي الفهم الخاطئ.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression `give away' is another indication that I
-had not yet clearly separated the issue of price from that of freedom.  We
-now recommend avoiding this expression when talking about free software.
-See <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Confusing
-Words and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
-
 <li><a name="f3"></a>توجد شركات عديدة كهذه اليوم.</li>
 
 <li><a name="f4"></a> Although it is a charity rather than a company, the Free
@@ -530,6 +539,15 @@
 <li><a name="f5"></a>ساهمت مجموعة من شركات الحاسوب 
قرابة عام 1991 في تمويل صيانة
 مصرّف غنو للسي.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary software
+was the most common basis for making money in software.  It seems that
+actually the most common business model was and is development of custom
+software.  That does not offer the possibility of collecting rents, so the
+business has to keep doing real work in order to keep getting income.  The
+custom software business would continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in
+a free software world.  Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid
+programmers would earn less in a free software world.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f6"></a>In the 1980s I had not yet realized how confusing it was 
to
 speak of &ldquo;the issue&rdquo; of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;.
 That term is obviously biased; more subtle is the fact that it lumps
@@ -547,14 +565,6 @@
 <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware"> <q>Confusing Words and
 Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary software
-was the most common basis for making money in software.  It seems that
-actually the most common business model was and is development of custom
-software.  That does not offer the possibility of collecting rents, so the
-business has to keep doing real work in order to keep getting income.  The
-custom software business would continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in
-a free software world.  Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid
-programmers would earn less in a free software world.</li>
 </ol>
 
 
@@ -580,8 +590,8 @@
 الترجمة</a> لمعلومات حول تنسيق وتسليم ترجم
ات هذه المقالة.
 </p>
 
-<p>حقوق النشر &copy; 1985، 1993، 2003، 2005، 2007، 2008، 2009، 
 مؤسسة البرمجيات
-الحرة، المحدودة،
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.
 </p>
 <p>
 يسمح للجميع بإنشاء أو توزيع نسخ حرفية من 
هذه الوثيقة في أي وسيطة بشرط إبقاء
@@ -600,7 +610,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 حُدّثت:
 
-$Date: 2010/01/13 09:26:32 $
+$Date: 2010/04/22 08:26:04 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: gnu/manifesto.ca.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/manifesto.ca.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- gnu/manifesto.ca.html       13 Jan 2010 09:26:32 -0000      1.5
+++ gnu/manifesto.ca.html       22 Apr 2010 08:26:04 -0000      1.6
@@ -28,12 +28,11 @@
 <h3>Què és GNU? GNU no és Unix!</h3>
 
 <p>
-   GNU, que prové de <i>GNU's Not Unix</i> (GNU no és Unix, en català ), és 
el
-nom per a un sistema complet compatible amb Unix que estic escrivint per tal
-de donar-lo a tot aquell que vulgui usar-lo <a
-href="manifesto.ca.html#f1">(1)</a>. Molts altres voluntaris estan
-ajudant-me. Les contribucions econòmiques, de temps, de programes i
-equipament són molt necessà ries.</p>
+   GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete
+Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it
+away free to everyone who can use it.<a href="#f1">(1)</a> Several other
+volunteers are helping me.  Contributions of time, money, programs and
+equipment are greatly needed.</p>
 
 <p>
    De moment tenim l'editor de text Emacs amb Lisp per escriure ordres
@@ -92,8 +91,8 @@
    So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided to
 put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to
 get along without any software that is not free.  I have resigned from the
-AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away <a
-href="#f2a">(2a)</a>.</p>
+AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away.<a
+href="#f2a">(2)</a></p>
 
 <h3>Per què el GNU serà compatible amb l'Unix</h3>
 
@@ -190,9 +189,8 @@
 <h3>Per què tots els usuaris d'ordinador se'n sortiran beneficiats</h3>
 
 <p>
-   Una vegada el GNU estiga escrit, qualsevol serà capaç d'obtenir un bon
-sistema de programari lliure, igual que disposem d'aire per respirar. <a
-href="#f2">(2)</a></p>
+   Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system software
+free, just like air.<a href="#f2">(3)</a></p>
 
 <p>
    Això significa molt més que el simple fet que algú s'estalviï el preu 
de la
@@ -249,10 +247,9 @@
 tècnica.”</strong></p>
 
 <p>
-   Si la gent preferís pagar per tenir el GNU més assistència tècnica que
-obtenir el GNU de franc sense assistència, una empresa que oferís només
-l'assistència tècnica a les persones que haguessin obtingut el GNU de franc
-hauria de tenir èxit.<a href="#f3">(3)</a></p>
+   If people would rather pay for GNU plus service than get GNU free without
+service, a company to provide just service to people who have obtained GNU
+free ought to be profitable.<a href="#f3">(4)</a></p>
 
 <p>
    Deuríem distingir entre l'assistència en forma de vertader treball de
@@ -304,11 +301,10 @@
 reben benefici de la publicitat paguen per ella.</p>
 
 <p>
-   D'altra banda, si molta gent obté el GNU dels seus amics i aquestes
-companyies no tenen èxit, això mostrarà que la publicitat no era realment
-necessà ria per difondre el GNU. Per què deu ser que els defensors del mercat
-lliure no volen deixar al mercat lliure que ho decideixi? <a
-href="#f4">(4)</a></p>
+   On the other hand, if many people get GNU from their friends, and such
+companies don't succeed, this will show that advertising was not really
+necessary to spread GNU.  Why is it that free market advocates don't want to
+let the free market decide this?<a href="#f4">(5)</a></p>
 
 <p>
 <strong>“La meva companyia necessita un sistema operatiu privatiu per ser
@@ -324,9 +320,8 @@
 empès dins del costós negoci de la venta de sistemes operatius.</p>
 
 <p>
-   M'agradaria veure que el desenvolupament del GNU és finançat amb donacions
-de molts fabricants i usuaris, reduint els costos per a ells mateixos. <a
-href="#f5">(5)</a></p>
+   I would like to see GNU development supported by gifts from many
+manufacturers and users, reducing the cost to each.<a href="#f5">(6)</a></p>
 
 <p>
 <strong>“No es mereixen els programadors una recompensa per la seva
@@ -387,7 +382,7 @@
 
 <p>
    Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.  It is
-the most common basis <a href="#f8">(8)</a> because it brings in the most
+the most common basis<a href="#f8">(7)</a> because it brings in the most
 money.  If it were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software
 business would move to other bases of organization which are now used less
 often.  There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
@@ -410,11 +405,11 @@
 les seves vides.</p>
 
 <p>
-   La gent que ha estudiat amb cura el tòpic dels drets de la propietat
-intel·lectual <a href="#f6">(6)</a> (com els advocats) diuen que no hi ha un
-dret intrínsec a la propietat intel·lectual. Els tipus de suposats drets de
-propietat intel·lectual que reconeix el govern foren creats per actes
-específiques de legislació per a propòsits específics.</p>
+   People who have studied the issue of intellectual property rights<a
+href="#f6">(8)</a> carefully (such as lawyers) say that there is no
+intrinsic right to intellectual property.  The kinds of supposed
+intellectual property rights that the government recognizes were created by
+specific acts of legislation for specific purposes.</p>
 
 <p>
    Per exemple, el sistema de patents fou establert per animar als inventors a
@@ -539,10 +534,10 @@
 feina també als programadors.</p>
 
 <p>
-   La gent amb idees noves podria distribuir programes com programari gratuït
-<a href="#f7">(7)</a>, demanant donacions dels usuaris satisfets, o venent
-serveis de suport. He conegut gent que han tingut èxit treballant d'aquesta
-manera.</p>
+   People with new ideas could distribute programs as freeware<a
+href="#f7">(9)</a>, asking for donations from satisfied users, or selling
+hand-holding services.  I have met people who are already working this way
+successfully.</p>
 
 <p>
    Els usuaris amb necessitats comuns poden formar grups d'usuaris, i pagar
@@ -604,6 +599,9 @@
 
 <h4>Notes a peu de pà gina</h4>
 
+<!-- The anchors do not match the actual footnote numbers because of
+     revisions over time.  And if a new footnote is added, the references
+     to existing footnotes that follow the new one must be changed.  -->
 <ol>
 <li><a name="f1"></a>Aquesta expressió va ser desafortunada. La intenció era 
que
 ningú hagués de pagar per tenir <b>permís</b> per utilitzar el sistema
@@ -619,18 +617,19 @@
 programari, millor. Allò important és que tothom que tingui una còpia tingui
 la llibertat de cooperar amb altres al utilitzar-lo.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression &ldquo;give away&rdquo; is another
+indication that I had not yet clearly separated the issue of price from that
+of freedom.  We now recommend avoiding this expression when talking about
+free software.  See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Confusing Words
+and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f2"></a>Ací és un altre lloc on vaig errar a l'hora de 
diferenciar
 amb cura entre els dos significats diferents de "free" (lliure i
 gratuït). L'afirmació tal i com apareix no és falsa—pots obtenir còpies 
del
 programari GNU sense cà rrec, dels teus amics o a través de la xarxa. Però
 l'afirmació suggereix la idea equivocada.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression `give away' is another indication that I
-had not yet clearly separated the issue of price from that of freedom.  We
-now recommend avoiding this expression when talking about free software.
-See <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Confusing
-Words and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
-
 <li><a name="f3"></a>Ja existeixen moltes d'aquestes companyies.</li>
 
 <li><a name="f4"></a> Although it is a charity rather than a company, the Free
@@ -643,6 +642,15 @@
 voltant de l'any 1991 per donar suport al manteniment del Compilador C de
 GNU.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary software
+was the most common basis for making money in software.  It seems that
+actually the most common business model was and is development of custom
+software.  That does not offer the possibility of collecting rents, so the
+business has to keep doing real work in order to keep getting income.  The
+custom software business would continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in
+a free software world.  Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid
+programmers would earn less in a free software world.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f6"></a>In the 1980s I had not yet realized how confusing it was 
to
 speak of &ldquo;the issue&rdquo; of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;.
 That term is obviously biased; more subtle is the fact that it lumps
@@ -660,14 +668,6 @@
 <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware"> <q>Confusing Words and
 Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary software
-was the most common basis for making money in software.  It seems that
-actually the most common business model was and is development of custom
-software.  That does not offer the possibility of collecting rents, so the
-business has to keep doing real work in order to keep getting income.  The
-custom software business would continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in
-a free software world.  Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid
-programmers would earn less in a free software world.</li>
 </ol>
 
 
@@ -696,8 +696,8 @@
 col·laborar en la traducció al català del web de GNU.
 </p>
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.
 </p>
 <p>
 Es permet realitzar i distribuir còpies literals d'aquest article en
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Updated:
 
-$Date: 2010/01/13 09:26:32 $
+$Date: 2010/04/22 08:26:04 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: gnu/manifesto.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/manifesto.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.28
retrieving revision 1.29
diff -u -b -r1.28 -r1.29
--- gnu/manifesto.fr.html       14 Feb 2010 21:25:30 -0000      1.28
+++ gnu/manifesto.fr.html       22 Apr 2010 08:26:04 -0000      1.29
@@ -29,12 +29,11 @@
 <h3>Qu'est ce que GNU&nbsp;? Gnu N'est pas Unix&nbsp;!</h3>
 
 <p>
-   GNU, l'acronyme de GNU's Not Unix (GNU n'est pas Unix), est le nom du
-syst&egrave;me complet de logiciels compatible Unix que j'&eacute;cris pour
-pouvoir le donner librement &agrave; tous ceux qui en auraient besoin. <a
-href="#f1"><sup>1</sup></a> De nombreux b&eacute;n&eacute;voles
-m'aident. Les contributions en temps, en argent, en logiciels et en
-mat&eacute;riel sont les bienvenues.</p>
+   GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete
+Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it
+away free to everyone who can use it.<a href="#f1">(1)</a> Several other
+volunteers are helping me.  Contributions of time, money, programs and
+equipment are greatly needed.</p>
 
 <p>
    Pour l'instant, nous avons un &eacute;diteur de texte, Emacs, utilisant le
@@ -99,13 +98,11 @@
 volont&eacute;.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Pour pouvoir continuer &agrave; utiliser les ordinateurs en accord avec ma
-conscience, j'ai d&eacute;cid&eacute; de rassembler un ensemble suffisant de
-logiciels libres, pour pouvoir me d&eacute;brouiller sans logiciels non
-libres. J'ai d&eacute;missionn&eacute; du laboratoire d'Intelligence
-Artificielle pour que le MIT ne puisse invoquer toutes les excuses
-l&eacute;gales pour m'emp&ecirc;cher de distribuer GNU librement <a
-href="#f2a">(2a)</a>..</p>
+   So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided to
+put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to
+get along without any software that is not free.  I have resigned from the
+AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away.<a
+href="#f2a">(2)</a></p>
 
 <h3>Pourquoi GNU sera compatible avec Unix</h3>
 
@@ -215,8 +212,8 @@
 <h3>Pourquoi tous les utilisateurs en b&eacute;n&eacute;ficieront</h3>
 
 <p>
-   Une fois GNU achev&eacute;, tout le monde pourra obtenir de bons logiciels
-libres comme l'air <a href="#f2"><sup>2</sup></a>.</p>
+   Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system software
+free, just like air.<a href="#f2">(3)</a></p>
 
 <p>
    Ceci repr&eacute;sente beaucoup plus que l'&eacute;conomie d'une licence
@@ -279,10 +276,9 @@
 service apr&egrave;s-vente.&nbsp;&raquo;</strong></p>
 
 <p>
-   Il y a des gens qui pr&eacute;f&egrave;rent payer pour GNU et le service
-plut&ocirc;t que d'obtenir GNU sans service. Une soci&eacute;t&eacute; qui
-propose le service uniquement &agrave; ceux qui ont obtenu GNU gratuitement,
-devrait &ecirc;tre rentable <a href="#f3"><sup>3</sup></a>.</p>
+   If people would rather pay for GNU plus service than get GNU free without
+service, a company to provide just service to people who have obtained GNU
+free ought to be profitable.<a href="#f3">(4)</a></p>
 
 <p>
    Nous devons faire la distinction entre le support en termes de r&eacute;el
@@ -345,12 +341,10 @@
 publicit&eacute; la payent.</p>
 
 <p>
-   En revanche, si de nombreuses personnes obtiennent GNU par leurs relations,
-de telles soci&eacute;t&eacute;s ne seraient pas rentables, et cela
-d&eacute;montrerait que la publicit&eacute; n'&eacute;tait pas vraiment
-n&eacute;cessaire pour r&eacute;pandre GNU. Pourquoi est-ce que les
-partisans du libre &eacute;change ne veulent pas laisser cette
-d&eacute;cision au march&eacute; libre <a 
href="#f4"><sup>4</sup></a>&nbsp;?</p>
+   On the other hand, if many people get GNU from their friends, and such
+companies don't succeed, this will show that advertising was not really
+necessary to spread GNU.  Why is it that free market advocates don't want to
+let the free market decide this?<a href="#f4">(5)</a></p>
 
 <p>
 <strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Ma soci&eacute;t&eacute; a besoin d'un syst&egrave;me
@@ -368,9 +362,8 @@
 d'exploitation.</p>
 
 <p>
-   J'aimerais bien voir le d&eacute;veloppement de GNU financ&eacute; par des
-dons de fabricants et utilisateurs, r&eacute;duisant ainsi les co&ucirc;ts
-pour chacun <a href="#f5"><sup>5</sup></a>.</p>
+   I would like to see GNU development supported by gifts from many
+manufacturers and users, reducing the cost to each.<a href="#f5">(6)</a></p>
 
 <p>
 <strong>&laquo;&nbsp;Les programmeurs ne m&eacute;ritent-ils pas
@@ -443,13 +436,11 @@
 pour programmer; seulement, peut-&ecirc;tre pas autant qu'actuellement.</p>
 
 <p>
-   La restriction des copies n'est pas la seule base des affaires du domaine
-des logiciels. C'est la base la plus commune <a href="#f8">(8)</a>, car
-c'est la plus rentable. Si ces restrictions &eacute;taient interdites ou
-rejet&eacute;es par le client, les &eacute;diteurs passeraient &agrave;
-d'autres formes d'organisation, qui sont actuellement moins
-utilis&eacute;es. Il y a de nombreuses fa&ccedil;ons d'organiser une
-entreprise.</p>
+   Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.  It is
+the most common basis<a href="#f8">(7)</a> because it brings in the most
+money.  If it were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software
+business would move to other bases of organization which are now used less
+often.  There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
 
 <p>
    Il est probable qu'avec ce nouveau syst&egrave;me, la programmation serait
@@ -470,14 +461,11 @@
 difficile.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Ceux qui ont &eacute;tudi&eacute; le probl&egrave;me de la
-propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle <a href="#f6"><sup>6</sup></a>
-&agrave; fond (les avocats, les juristes, etc.) soutiennent qu'il n'existe
-aucun droit intrins&egrave;que &agrave; la propri&eacute;t&eacute;
-intellectuelle. Les diff&eacute;rents droits de soi-disant
-propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle reconnus par le gouvernement ont
-&eacute;t&eacute; cr&eacute;&eacute;s par des l&eacute;gislations
-pr&eacute;cises dans des buts bien pr&eacute;cis.</p>
+   People who have studied the issue of intellectual property rights<a
+href="#f6">(8)</a> carefully (such as lawyers) say that there is no
+intrinsic right to intellectual property.  The kinds of supposed
+intellectual property rights that the government recognizes were created by
+specific acts of legislation for specific purposes.</p>
 
 <p>
    Par exemple, le syst&egrave;me de brevets a &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;tabli
@@ -621,10 +609,10 @@
 permettre la cr&eacute;ation d'emplois.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Les personnes avec des id&eacute;es nouvelles peuvent distribuer des
-logiciels librement <a href="#f7"><sup>7</sup></a>, en demandant des dons
-aux utilisateurs satisfaitsou en offrant un service de conseil. J'ai
-d&eacute;j&agrave; rencontr&eacute; des personnes travaillant ainsi.</p>
+   People with new ideas could distribute programs as freeware<a
+href="#f7">(9)</a>, asking for donations from satisfied users, or selling
+hand-holding services.  I have met people who are already working this way
+successfully.</p>
 
 <p>
    Les utilisateurs ayant des besoins en commun, peuvent cr&eacute;er des
@@ -691,6 +679,9 @@
 
 <h4>Notes</h4>
 
+<!-- The anchors do not match the actual footnote numbers because of
+     revisions over time.  And if a new footnote is added, the references
+     to existing footnotes that follow the new one must be changed.  -->
 <ol>
 <li><a name="f1"></a> Le choix des mots ici &eacute;tait
 irr&eacute;fl&eacute;chi. L'id&eacute;e &eacute;tait que personne n'aurait
@@ -709,6 +700,13 @@
 mieux. L'important est que toute personne d&eacute;tenant une copie a le
 droit de l'utiliser en collaboration avec d'autres.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression &ldquo;give away&rdquo; is another
+indication that I had not yet clearly separated the issue of price from that
+of freedom.  We now recommend avoiding this expression when talking about
+free software.  See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Confusing Words
+and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f2"></a> Voil&agrave; un autre endroit o&ugrave; je n'ai pas fait
 la distinction entre les deux d&eacute;finitions de
 &laquo;&nbsp;libre&nbsp;&raquo;. La phrase telle quelle n'est pas fausse,
@@ -718,13 +716,6 @@
 &laquo;&nbsp;libre&nbsp;&raquo; et &laquo;&nbsp;gratuit&nbsp;&raquo; est
 &eacute;vidente.]</li>
 
-<li><a name="f2a"></a>L'expression «&nbsp;give away&nbsp;»  est une autre
-indication qui n'avait pas encore clairement séparé le problème du prix de
-celui de la liberté.  Nous recommandons maintenant d'éviter cette expression
-lorsque l'on parle du logiciel. Consulter <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Mots et
-expressions à éviter</q></a> pour d'autres explications.</li>
-
 <li><a name="f3"></a> De telles soci&eacute;t&eacute;s existent 
actuellement.</li>
 
 <li><a name="f4"></a>Bien qu'il s'agisse d'une organisation à but non 
lucratif,
@@ -737,6 +728,16 @@
 <li><a name="f5"></a> Un groupe de soci&eacute;t&eacute;s a r&eacute;uni des
 fonds vers 1991 pour financer la maintenance du compilateur C de GNU.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f8"></a>Je pense que je me fourvoyait en disant que le logiciel
+propriétaire était le moyen le plus courant pour faire de l'argent dans le
+monde du logiciel. Il semble que le modèle le plus courant était et est le
+développement de logiciel sur mesure. Ceci n'offre pas la possiblité de
+collecter des rentes, donc la société est obligée de continuer à 
réellement
+travailler pour continuer à percevoir des revenus. Le modèle du logiciel sur
+mesure devrait continuer d'exister, plus ou moins inchangé, dans un monde de
+logiciels libres. Par conséquent, je ne m'attends plus à ce que les
+programmeurs payés gagnent moins dans un monde de logiciels libres.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f6"></a> Dans les ann&eacute;es 80, je n'avais pas encore
 r&eacute;alis&eacute; &agrave; quel point il &eacute;tait d&eacute;routant
 de parler du &laquo;&nbsp;probl&egrave;me&nbsp;&raquo; de la
@@ -764,15 +765,6 @@
 &agrave; confusion, que vous devriez &eacute;viter</a> pour plus
 d'explications.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f8"></a>Je pense que je me fourvoyait en disant que le logiciel
-propriétaire était le moyen le plus courant pour faire de l'argent dans le
-monde du logiciel. Il semble que le modèle le plus courant était et est le
-développement de logiciel sur mesure. Ceci n'offre pas la possiblité de
-collecter des rentes, donc la société est obligée de continuer à 
réellement
-travailler pour continuer à percevoir des revenus. Le modèle du logiciel sur
-mesure devrait continuer d'exister, plus ou moins inchangé, dans un monde de
-logiciels libres. Par conséquent, je ne m'attends plus à ce que les
-programmeurs payés gagnent moins dans un monde de logiciels libres.</li>
 </ol>
 
 
@@ -800,8 +792,8 @@
 de traductions de cet article.
 </p>
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.,
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.
 </p>
 <p>
 La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article est
@@ -821,7 +813,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2010/02/14 21:25:30 $
+$Date: 2010/04/22 08:26:04 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: gnu/manifesto.sr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/manifesto.sr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- gnu/manifesto.sr.html       13 Jan 2010 09:26:32 -0000      1.18
+++ gnu/manifesto.sr.html       22 Apr 2010 08:26:04 -0000      1.19
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@
 <h3>Шта је ГНУ? Гну није Уникс!</h3>
 
 <p>
-   ГНУ, што значи Гну није Уникс, је назив 
потпуног софтверског система
-сагласног са Униксом, који пишем да бих га 
бесплатно дао свима који могу да
-га користе.<a href="#f1">(1)</a> Помаже ми 
неколицина других
-добровољаца. Прилози у времену, новцу, 
програмима и опреми су нам веома
-потребни.</p>
+   GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete
+Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it
+away free to everyone who can use it.<a href="#f1">(1)</a> Several other
+volunteers are helping me.  Contributions of time, money, programs and
+equipment are greatly needed.</p>
 
 <p>
    За сада имамо уређивач текста Емакс са 
Лиспом за писање наредби уређивача,
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@
    So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided to
 put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to
 get along without any software that is not free.  I have resigned from the
-AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away <a
-href="#f2a">(2a)</a>.</p>
+AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away.<a
+href="#f2a">(2)</a></p>
 
 <h3>Зашто ће ГНУ бити сагласан са Униксом</h3>
 
@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@
 <h3>Зашто ће сви корисници рачунара имати 
користи</h3>
 
 <p>
-   Када се једном направи ГНУ, свако ће моћи 
да набави добар системски софтвер
-бесплатно, баш као што дише ваздух.<a 
href="#f2">(2)</a></p>
+   Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system software
+free, just like air.<a href="#f2">(3)</a></p>
 
 <p>
    Ово значи много више од избегавања цене 
за Униксову лиценцу. Ово значи да ће
@@ -236,9 +236,9 @@
 подршке.“</strong></p>
 
 <p>
-   Ако би људи радије платили за ГНУ и 
подршку него набавили ГНУ бесплатно без
-подршке, фирма која обезбеђује само 
подршку људима који су набавили ГНУ
-бесплатно би требало да буде 
профитабилна.<a href="#f3">(3)</a></p>
+   If people would rather pay for GNU plus service than get GNU free without
+service, a company to provide just service to people who have obtained GNU
+free ought to be profitable.<a href="#f3">(4)</a></p>
 
 <p>
    Морамо да направимо разлику између 
подршке у облику стварног програмирања и
@@ -287,10 +287,10 @@
 имају користи од рекламирања.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Са друге стране, уколико много људи 
добије ГНУ од својих пријатеља, и такве
-фирме не успеју, ово ће показати да реклама 
није била стварно потребна за
-ширење ГНУ-а. Зашто заговорници слободног 
тржишта не пусте слободно тржиште
-да о овоме само одлучи?<a href="#f4">(4)</a></p>
+   On the other hand, if many people get GNU from their friends, and such
+companies don't succeed, this will show that advertising was not really
+necessary to spread GNU.  Why is it that free market advocates don't want to
+let the free market decide this?<a href="#f4">(5)</a></p>
 
 <p>
 <strong>„Мојој фирми је за остваривање 
предности над конкуренцијом потребан
@@ -306,8 +306,8 @@
 увлачења у скупи посао продаје оперативних
 система.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Волео бих да видим како се изградња ГНУ-а 
подржава поклонима великог броја
-произвођача и корисника, смањујући 
трошкове за све.<a href="#f5">(5)</a></p>
+   I would like to see GNU development supported by gifts from many
+manufacturers and users, reducing the cost to each.<a href="#f5">(6)</a></p>
 
 <p>
 <strong>„Зар програмери не заслужују награду 
за креативност?“</strong></p>
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@
 
 <p>
    Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.  It is
-the most common basis <a href="#f8">(8)</a> because it brings in the most
+the most common basis<a href="#f8">(7)</a> because it brings in the most
 money.  If it were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software
 business would move to other bases of organization which are now used less
 often.  There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
@@ -384,10 +384,11 @@
 других људи, и обично се користи да им 
загорча живот.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Људи који су пажљиво проучавали питање 
права интелектуалне својине<a
-href="#f6">(6)</a> (на пример правници) кажу да не 
постоје суштинска права
-на интелектуалну својину. Врсте такозваних
 права на интелектуалну својину
-које прописује влада су створене посебним 
правним актима у конкретне сврхе.</p>
+   People who have studied the issue of intellectual property rights<a
+href="#f6">(8)</a> carefully (such as lawyers) say that there is no
+intrinsic right to intellectual property.  The kinds of supposed
+intellectual property rights that the government recognizes were created by
+specific acts of legislation for specific purposes.</p>
 
 <p>
    На пример, систем патената је 
успостављен како би подстакао проналазаче 
да
@@ -500,9 +501,10 @@
    Продаја услуга обуке и одржавања може 
такође да упосли програмере.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Људи са новим идејама би могли да 
расподељују програме као фривер<a
-href="#f7">(7)</a>, тражећи прилоге од задовољних 
корисника, или продајући
-услуге одржавања. Сретао сам људе који већ 
успешно раде на такав начин.</p>
+   People with new ideas could distribute programs as freeware<a
+href="#f7">(9)</a>, asking for donations from satisfied users, or selling
+hand-holding services.  I have met people who are already working this way
+successfully.</p>
 
 <p>
    Корисници са сличним потребама могу да 
створе корисничке групе и плаћају
@@ -559,6 +561,9 @@
 
 <h4>Фусноте</h4>
 
+<!-- The anchors do not match the actual footnote numbers because of
+     revisions over time.  And if a new footnote is added, the references
+     to existing footnotes that follow the new one must be changed.  -->
 <ol>
 <li><a name="f1"></a>Овде је избор речи био 
непажљив. Намера је била да нико
 неће морати да плати за <strong>дозволу</strong> 
да користи систем
@@ -573,18 +578,19 @@
 помаже унапређењу софтвера, тим боље. 
Битно је да свако ко поседује примерак
 има слободу да сарађује у његовом 
коришћењу са другима.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression &ldquo;give away&rdquo; is another
+indication that I had not yet clearly separated the issue of price from that
+of freedom.  We now recommend avoiding this expression when talking about
+free software.  See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Confusing Words
+and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f2"></a>Ово је друго место на коме 
нисам пажљиво направио разлику
 између два различита значења речи 
„слободно“ (енгл. <em>free</em> =
 „слободно“ или „бесплатно“). Реченица 
таква каква је није погрешна — можете
 да набавите примерке ГНУ-овог софтвера 
бесплатно, од ваших пријатеља или
 преко мреже. Али она наводи на погрешан 
закључак.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression `give away' is another indication that I
-had not yet clearly separated the issue of price from that of freedom.  We
-now recommend avoiding this expression when talking about free software.
-See <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Confusing
-Words and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
-
 <li><a name="f3"></a>Данас постоји неколико таквих 
фирми.</li>
 
 <li><a name="f4"></a> Although it is a charity rather than a company, the Free
@@ -596,6 +602,15 @@
 <li><a name="f5"></a>Неколико рачунарских фирми је 
1991. спонзорисало одржавање
 ГНУ-овог преводиоца за Це.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary software
+was the most common basis for making money in software.  It seems that
+actually the most common business model was and is development of custom
+software.  That does not offer the possibility of collecting rents, so the
+business has to keep doing real work in order to keep getting income.  The
+custom software business would continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in
+a free software world.  Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid
+programmers would earn less in a free software world.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f6"></a>In the 1980s I had not yet realized how confusing it was 
to
 speak of &ldquo;the issue&rdquo; of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;.
 That term is obviously biased; more subtle is the fact that it lumps
@@ -613,14 +628,6 @@
 <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware"> <q>Confusing Words and
 Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary software
-was the most common basis for making money in software.  It seems that
-actually the most common business model was and is development of custom
-software.  That does not offer the possibility of collecting rents, so the
-business has to keep doing real work in order to keep getting income.  The
-custom software business would continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in
-a free software world.  Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid
-programmers would earn less in a free software world.</li>
 </ol>
 
 
@@ -651,8 +658,8 @@
 за више информација о координисању и слању 
превода овог чланка.
 </p>
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.
 </p>
 <p>
 Свима се пружа дозвола да праве или 
расподељују дословне примерке овог
@@ -685,7 +692,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Ажурирано:
 
-$Date: 2010/01/13 09:26:32 $
+$Date: 2010/04/22 08:26:04 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: gnu/manifesto.tr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/manifesto.tr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- gnu/manifesto.tr.html       8 Jan 2010 21:26:21 -0000       1.1
+++ gnu/manifesto.tr.html       22 Apr 2010 08:26:04 -0000      1.2
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@
 <h3>GNU nedir? Gnu Unix Değildir!</h3>
 
 <p>
-   Gnu Unix Değildir [:Gnu’s Not Unix] anlamına gelen GNU, yazmakta 
olduğum
-Unix-uyumlu yazılım sisteminin adıdır, bu yazılımı, kullanabilen herkese
-özgür olarak verebilirim<a href="#f1">(1)</a>. Diğer çeşitli 
gönüllüler bana
-yardım etmektedir. Zaman, para, program ve cihaz katkıları büyük ölçüde
-gereklidir.</p>
+   GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete
+Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it
+away free to everyone who can use it.<a href="#f1">(1)</a> Several other
+volunteers are helping me.  Contributions of time, money, programs and
+equipment are greatly needed.</p>
 
 <p>
    Şu anda, editör komutlarını yazmak için Lisp’li bir Emacs metin
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@
 kurumda kalamazdım.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Bilgisayarları onurlu bir biçimde kullanabilmek amacıyla, yeterli bir 
bütünü
-oluşturacak özgür yazılımları bir araya getirmeye karar verdim. Bunu 
özgür
-olmayan yazılımlar olmadan başaracaktım.  MIT'in, GNU'yu yaymayı<a
-href="#f2a">(2a)</a> engelleyecek herhangi bir yasal durum yaratmasını
-önlemek için YZ laboratuvarından istifa ettim.</p>
+   So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided to
+put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to
+get along without any software that is not free.  I have resigned from the
+AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away.<a
+href="#f2a">(2)</a></p>
 
 <h3>GNU niçin Unix ile Uyumlu Olacaktır?</h3>
 
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@
 <h3>Niçin Tüm Bilgisayar Kullanıcıları Yarar Sağlayacaktır?</h3>
 
 <p>
-   GNU yazıldıktan sonra, aynen hava almak gibi herkes iyi sistem 
yazılımını
-ücretsiz bir şekilde edinebilecektir.<a href="#f2">(2)</a></p>
+   Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system software
+free, just like air.<a href="#f2">(3)</a></p>
 
 <p>
    Bu, herkesin Unix lisansının ücretini ödememesinden daha fazla bir şeyi
@@ -249,9 +249,9 @@
 almalısınız."</strong></p>
 
 <p>
-   İnsanlar, ek hizmetler içermeyen özgür GNU’yu almaktan ek hizmetleri 
içeren
-GNU'ya ödeme yapmayı tercih ederlerse, GNU’yu özgür olarak edinen 
insanlara
-yalnızca hizmet sağlayan bir firma kârda olacaktır.<a 
href="#f3">(3)</a></p>
+   If people would rather pay for GNU plus service than get GNU free without
+service, a company to provide just service to people who have obtained GNU
+free ought to be profitable.<a href="#f3">(4)</a></p>
 
 <p>
    Gerçek bir programlama çalışmasındaki destek ile elinden tutma 
arasındaki
@@ -304,10 +304,10 @@
 yapacaktır. </p>
 
 <p>
-   Diğer taraftan, birçok insan GNU’yu arkadaşlarından edinirse ve bu 
gibi
-firmalar başarılı olamazsa, bu durum, GNU’yu yaymak için reklam vermenin
-ille de gerekli olmadığını gösterecektir. Niçin özgür piyasanın 
savunucuları
-buna özgür piyasanın karar vermesini istemiyor<a href="#f4">(4)</a>?</p>
+   On the other hand, if many people get GNU from their friends, and such
+companies don't succeed, this will show that advertising was not really
+necessary to spread GNU.  Why is it that free market advocates don't want to
+let the free market decide this?<a href="#f4">(5)</a></p>
 
 <p>
 <strong>"Firmam, rekabetçi bir durum elde etmek için özel mülk bir işletim
@@ -323,8 +323,8 @@
 işe atılmanızı engelleyecektir.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Her birine ilişkin maliyeti düşürerek birçok kullanıcıdan ve 
üreticiden
-gelen hediyelerle GNU’nun gelişimini görmek isterdim.<a 
href="#f5">(5)</a></p>
+   I would like to see GNU development supported by gifts from many
+manufacturers and users, reducing the cost to each.<a href="#f5">(6)</a></p>
 
 <p>
 <strong>"Programcılar yaratıcılıkları için bir ödülü hak etmezler
@@ -383,12 +383,11 @@
 şimdiki kadar çok ödeme yapılmayacaktır.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Kopyalamanın kısıtlanması, yazılım piyasasında iş yapılmasının 
tek temeli
-değildir. Bu en yaygın temeldir çünkü en çok parayı bu
-getirmektedir. Yasaklanmış ya da müşteri tarafından reddedilmiş olsaydı,
-yazılım işi, şimdi daha az kullanılan organizasyon temellerine doğru
-kayardı. Herhangi bir iş tipini organize etmek için her zaman çeşitli 
yollar
-mevcuttur.</p>
+   Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.  It is
+the most common basis<a href="#f8">(7)</a> because it brings in the most
+money.  If it were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software
+business would move to other bases of organization which are now used less
+often.  There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
 
 <p>
    Muhtemelen programlama, yeni temelde şimdi olduğu gibi kârlı
@@ -408,11 +407,11 @@
 getirmek için kullanılır.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Fikri mülkiyet [:intellectual property] <a href="#f6">(6)</a> hakları
-üzerine dikkatli bir şekilde çalışan insanlar (avukatlar gibi) fikri
-mülkiyete ilişkin hiçbir içkin hakkın olmadığını söyler. Hükümetin 
tanıdığı
-fikri mülkiyet hakları, özel amaçlar için yasama organları tarafından
-oluşturulmuştur.</p>
+   People who have studied the issue of intellectual property rights<a
+href="#f6">(8)</a> carefully (such as lawyers) say that there is no
+intrinsic right to intellectual property.  The kinds of supposed
+intellectual property rights that the government recognizes were created by
+specific acts of legislation for specific purposes.</p>
 
 <p>
    Örneğin, patent sistemi, mucitlerin buluşlarının ayrıntılarını 
açıklaması
@@ -538,10 +537,10 @@
 gerekli olabilir.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Yeni fikirlere sahip insanlar, freeware (ücretsiz)<a href="#f7">(7)</a>
-olarak programları dağıtabilir, memnun kullanıcılardan bağış 
isteyebilir ya
-da destek hizmetlerini satabilir. Hâlihazırda bu şekilde başarılı bir
-biçimde çalışan insanlarla karşılaştım.</p>
+   People with new ideas could distribute programs as freeware<a
+href="#f7">(9)</a>, asking for donations from satisfied users, or selling
+hand-holding services.  I have met people who are already working this way
+successfully.</p>
 
 <p>
    İlişkili ihtiyaçlara sahip kullanıcılar kullanıcı grupları 
oluşturabilir ve
@@ -599,6 +598,9 @@
 
 <h4>Dipnotlar</h4>
 
+<!-- The anchors do not match the actual footnote numbers because of
+     revisions over time.  And if a new footnote is added, the references
+     to existing footnotes that follow the new one must be changed.  -->
 <ol>
 <li><a name="f1"></a>Buradaki anlatım biçimi dikkatsizcedir. Amaç, GNU 
sistemini
 kullanma izni için hiç kimsenin ücret ödemesinin gerekli olmayışıdır. 
Ancak
@@ -616,19 +618,19 @@
 olur. Önemli olan şey şudur: Kopyaya sahip olan herhangi biri, bu kopyanın
 kullanımı konusunda diğer insanlarla işbirliği yapma özgürlüğüne 
sahiptir.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression &ldquo;give away&rdquo; is another
+indication that I had not yet clearly separated the issue of price from that
+of freedom.  We now recommend avoiding this expression when talking about
+free software.  See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Confusing Words
+and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f2"></a>Burada “free” kelimesinin iki farklı anlamı 
arasında
 dikkatli bir ayrım yapamadığım başka bir durum var. Burada anlaşılan 
özgür
 ifadesi hatalı değildir – ücretsiz olarak, arkadaşlarınızdan ya da
 İnternetten GNU yazılımının kopyalarını alabilirsiniz. Ancak burada 
yanlış
 anlamı ifade etmektedir.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f2a"></a>"Vermek" [:give away] ifadesi, ücret ve özgürlük
-arasındaki ayrımın doğru konulmadığını gösteren bir başka belirtidir.
-Günümüzde özgür yazılımdan bahsederken bu ifadeden kaçınmanızı
-öneriyoruz. Ayrıntılı bir açıklama için <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>kafa karıştıran
-kelimeler ve ifadeler</q></a> bağlantısını ziyaret ediniz.</li>
-
 <li>Buna benzer bir çok şirket günümüzde vardır.</li>
 
 <li><a name="f4"></a> Bir firma olmaktan çok bir hayır kurumu olmasına 
rağmen,
@@ -640,6 +642,15 @@
 <li><a name="f5"></a>GNU C Derleyicisinin devamlılığının desteklenmesi 
için, bir
 grup bilgisayar firması 1991'de finansman sağladı.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f8"></a>Özel mülk yazılımın yazılımda en yaygın para 
kazanma yolu
+olduğunu söylemekle yanılmışım. Gerçekte en yaygın iş modeli 
özelleştirilmiş
+yazılım geliştirilmesidir. Bu kiraların toplanması olasılığını
+önermemektedir, böylece firmalar getiri edinmeye yönelik olarak gerçek
+çalışmayı sürdürmelidir. Özelleştirilmiş yazılım iş dünyası 
özgür yazılım
+dünyasında da varolmaya devam edecektir, fazla veya az değişmeden. Bu
+yüzden, çoğu ücretli programcının özgür yazılım dünyasında daha az
+kazanmasını artık beklemiyorum.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f6"></a> 1980lerde "fikri mülkiyet hakları" [:intellectual
 property] "konusunda" konuşmanın ne kadar karışık olduğunu
 farketmemiştim. Terim açıktır ki taraflıdır; çok kurnaz gerçek şudur 
ki çok
@@ -657,14 +668,6 @@
 açıklama için <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware">kafa
 karıştıran kelimeler ve ifadeler</a>e ziyaret ediniz.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f8"></a>Özel mülk yazılımın yazılımda en yaygın para 
kazanma yolu
-olduğunu söylemekle yanılmışım. Gerçekte en yaygın iş modeli 
özelleştirilmiş
-yazılım geliştirilmesidir. Bu kiraların toplanması olasılığını
-önermemektedir, böylece firmalar getiri edinmeye yönelik olarak gerçek
-çalışmayı sürdürmelidir. Özelleştirilmiş yazılım iş dünyası 
özgür yazılım
-dünyasında da varolmaya devam edecektir, fazla veya az değişmeden. Bu
-yüzden, çoğu ücretli programcının özgür yazılım dünyasında daha az
-kazanmasını artık beklemiyorum.</li>
 </ol>
 
 
@@ -692,8 +695,8 @@
 BENİOKU</a> dosyasına bakınız.
 </p>
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.
 </p>
 <p>
 Bu belgenin aynı kopyalarının yapılmasına veya herhangi bir ortamda
@@ -752,7 +755,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Son Güncelleme:
 
-$Date: 2010/01/08 21:26:21 $
+$Date: 2010/04/22 08:26:04 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.fa.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.fa.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.fa.html     15 Jan 2010 09:26:54 -0000      
1.4
+++ philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.fa.html     22 Apr 2010 08:26:09 -0000      
1.5
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@
 درست و خوب&mdash;در آن زمان.</p>
 
 <p>
-More recently, humanity has developed a new way of distributing information:
-computers and networks.  They facilitate copying and manipulating
-information, including software, musical recordings, books, and movies, and
-offer the possibility of unlimited access to all sorts of data&mdash;an
-information utopia.</p>
+Now we have a new way of distributing information: computers and networks.
+Their benefit is that they facilitate copying and manipulating information,
+including software, musical recordings, books, and movies.  They offer the
+possibility of unlimited access to all sorts of data&mdash;an information
+utopia.</p>
 
 <p>
 مانعی بر سر راه است: کپی‌رایت. خوانندگان و 
شنوندگان که از این قابلیت جدید
@@ -43,19 +43,21 @@
 In a democracy, a law that prohibits a popular and useful activity is
 usually soon relaxed. Not so where corporations have political power.  The
 publishers' lobby was determined to prevent the public from taking advantage
-of the power of their computers, and found copyright a suitable tool.  Under
+of the power of their computers, and found copyright a handy weapon.  Under
 their influence, rather than relaxing copyright rules to suit the new
-circumstances, governments made them stricter than ever, forbidding the act
-of sharing.</p>
+circumstances, governments made them stricter than ever, imposing harsh
+penalties on the practice of sharing.  The latest fashion in supporting the
+publishers against the citizens, known as `three strikes', is to cut off
+people's internet connections if they share.</p>
 
 <p>
-اما بدترین قسمتش اینجا نبود. هنگامی که 
توسعه‌دهندگان کنترل برنامه‌ای را که
-اشخاص اجرا می‌کنند به دست داشته باشند، کام
پیوتر به ابزاری قدرتمند برای سلطه
-بر مردم تبدیل می‌شود. ناشران دریافتند که 
با انتشار آثار خود در قالب‌های
-رمزگذاری شده، که تنها نرم‌افزارهای خاص م
ورد تایید می‌توانند آنها را بخوانند،
-قدرتی بی‌سابقه به دست خواهند آورد: آنها م
ی‌توانستند هویت خوانندگان را
-شناسایی کنند، و هر بار که کتابی می‌خوانند، 
به موسیقی گوش می‌دهند و یا فیلم
-تماشا می‌کنند، آنها را مجبور به پرداخت 
هزینه کنند.</p>
+But that wasn't the worst of it.  Computers can be powerful tools of
+domination when software suppliers deny users the control of the software
+they run.  The publishers realized that by publishing works in encrypted
+format, which only specially authorized software could view, they could gain
+unprecedented power: they could compel readers to pay, and identify
+themselves, every time they read a book, listen to a song, or watch a
+video.  That is the publishers' dream: a pay-per-view universe.</p>
 
 <p>
 The publishers gained US government support for their dream with the Digital
@@ -66,30 +68,32 @@
 authorization is forbidden.</p>
 
 <p>
-ما هنوز هم هنگام استفاده از کتاب‌های چاپی 
و یا رسانه‌های آنالوگ آزادی‌های
-قدیم خود را داریم. اما اگر کتاب‌های چاپی با 
نسخهٔ الکترونیکی جایگزین شوند،
-این آزادی‌ها از دست خواهند رفت. تصور کنید: 
فروشگاه کتاب‌های دست دوم وجود
-نخواهد داشت؛ دیگر نمی‌توانید کتاب را به 
دوست خود قرض دهید؛ نمی‌توانید کتابی
-از کتابخانهٔ عمومی به امانت 
بگیرید&mdash;&rdquo;هیچ راهی&ldquo; برای خواندن
-کتاب بدون پرداخت وجه وجود نخواهد داشت. نم
ی‌توان کتابی را به صورت ناشناس و با
-پول نقد خریداری کرد&mdash;تنها می‌توانید 
کتابی الکترونیکی را با کارت اعتباری
-خود خریداری کنید. این دنیایی است که ناشران م
ی‌خواهند برای ما بوجود
-بیاورند. اگر شما یک دستگاه Kindle از آمازون (که 
ما آن را Swindle
-[کلاه‌برداری] می‌نامیم) و یا Sony Reader (که ما 
آن را Shreader [مشابه کلمهٔ
-shredder که دستگاهی برای خرد کردن و از بین بردن 
اسناد است-مترجم] می‌نامیم
-چرا که تهدیدی برای کتاب‌ها محسوب می‌شود) 
را خریداری کنید، هزینهٔ ساخت چنین
-دنیایی را پرداخت کرده‌اید.</p>
-
-<p>
-خشم عمومی بر علیه DRM که به آهستگی افزایش م
ی‌یابد، توسط اصطلاحات تبلیغاتی
-همانند <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">&rdquo;حفاظت از
-پدیدآورندگان اثر&ldquo;</a> و <a
-href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">&rdquo;محصولات هوشمند&ldquo;</a> 
که
-خوانندگان را متقاعد می‌کند حقوق آنان پایم
ال نخواهد شد، فرو نشانده
-می‌شود. این اصطلاحات با استفاده از نام 
پدیدآورندگان آثار به صورت ضمنی بیان
-می‌کنند که ناشران مستحق داشتن قدرت 
ویژه‌ای هستند، و ما از نظر اخلاقی مجبور
-هستیم به آنان تعظیم کنیم، و اگر بدون پرداخت 
وجه نوشته‌ای را مطالعه کرده و یا
-به موسیقی گوش کنیم مرتکب عملی خلاف وجدان 
شده‌ایم.</p>
+We still have the same old freedoms in using paper books and other analog
+media.  But if e-books replace printed books, those freedoms will not
+transfer.  Imagine: no more used book stores; no more lending a book to your
+friend; no more borrowing one from the public library&mdash;no more
+&ldquo;leaks&rdquo; that might give someone a chance to read without
+paying.  No more purchasing a book anonymously with cash&mdash;you can only
+buy an e-book with a credit card.  That is the world the publishers want to
+impose on us.  If you buy the Amazon Kindle (we call it the Swindle) or the
+Sony Reader (we call it the Shreader for what it threatens to do to books),
+you pay to establish that world.</p>
+
+<p>
+The Swindle even has an orwellian back door that can be used to erase books
+remotely.  Amazon demonstrated this capability by erasing copies, purchased
+from Amazon, of Orwell's book 1984.  Evidently Amazon's name for this
+product reflects the intention to burn our books.</p>
+
+<p>
+Public anger against DRM is slowly growing, held back because propaganda
+expressions such as <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">&ldquo;protect
+authors&rdquo;</a> and <a
+href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;</a> have
+convinced readers that their rights do not count.  These terms implicitly
+assume that publishers deserve special power in the name of the authors,
+that we are morally obliged to bow to them, and that we have wronged someone
+if we see or hear anything without paying for permission.</p>
 
 <p>
 سازمان‌هایی که از کپی‌رایت سود کسب م
ی‌کنند به صورت قانونی از نام
@@ -100,60 +104,70 @@
 می‌نامند، و کمک به همسایه را معادل حمله به 
یک کشتی می‌دانند.</p>
 
 <p>
-آنها همچنین به ما می‌گویند که حملهٔ بی‌رحم
انه به اشتراک گذاری تنها راه زنده
-نگاه داشتن هنر است. حتی اگر این امر درست 
باشد که نیست، توجیه کنندهٔ چنین
-رفتار ظالمانه‌ای نخواهد بود. به اشتراک 
گذاری عمومی باعث افزایش فروش بیشتر
-آثار شده، و حداکثر باعث کاهش فروش ده درصد 
از محصولات می‌شود.</p>
+They also tell us that a War on Sharing is the only way to keep art alive.
+Even if true, it would not justify the policy; but it isn't true.  Public
+sharing of copies is likely to increase the sales of most works, and
+decrease sales only for big hits.</p>
 
 <p>
-But bestsellers also can still do well without stopping sharing.  Stephen
-King got hundreds of thousands of dollars selling an unencrypted e-book with
-no obstacle to copying and sharing.  The singer Issa, aka. Jane Siberry,
-asks people to <a href="http://www.sheeba.ca/store/help.php#sdp";> choose
-their own prices</a> when they download songs, and averages more per
-download than the usual $0.99.  Radiohead made millions in 2007 by inviting
-fans to copy an album and pay what they wished, while it was also shared
-through P2P.  In 2008, <a
+Bestsellers can still do well without forbidding sharing.  Stephen King got
+hundreds of thousands of dollars selling an unencrypted e-book serial with
+no obstacle to copying and sharing.  (He was dissatisfied with that amount
+and called the experiment a failure, but it looks like a success to me.)
+Radiohead made millions in 2007 by inviting fans to copy an album and pay
+what they wished, while it was also shared through P2P.  In 2008, <a
 href="http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html";> Nine
 Inch Nails released an album with permission to share copies</a> and made
 750,000 dollars in a few days.</p>
 
 <p>
-هنگامی که شبکه‌های کامپیوتری روشی را برای 
ارسال مقدار کمی پول به شخص دیگری
-به صورت ناشناس و بدون استفاده از کارت 
اعتباری فراهم آوردند، برپایی سیستمی
-برای حمایت از کارهای هنری ساده‌تر خواهد 
بود. هنگامی که اثری هنری را مشاهده
-می‌کنید، دکمه‌ای وجود خواهد داشت که م
ی‌گوید &rdquo;اینجا را کلیک کنید تا یک
-دلار به این هنرمند پرداخت کنید&ldquo;. آیا 
حداقل یک بار در هفته این دکمه را
-فشار نخواهید داد؟ اما کمک‌های داوطلبانه 
از طرف گروه طرفداران نیز می‌تواند یک
-هنرمند را حمایت کند؛ Kevin Kelly تخمین زده است 
که یک هنرمند تنها کافی است که
-در حدود <a
-href="http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php";>هزار
-طرفدار حقیقی</a> پیدا کند.</p>
-
-<p>
-Another good way to support music and the arts is with a <a href="dat.html">
-tax on blank media</a>.  If the state distributes the tax money entirely to
-the artists, it will not be wasted on corporate executives.  But the state
-should not distribute it in linear proportion to popularity, because that
-would give most of it to a few superstars, leaving little to support all the
-other artists.  I therefore recommend using a cube-root function or
-something similar.  With cube root, a superstar with 1000 times the
-popularity of a successful artist will get 10 times as much, instead of 1000
-times as much.  This way, although each superstar gets a larger share than
-the other artists, the superstars together will get only a small fraction of
-the money, leaving most of it to support a large number of other artists.
-This system will use our tax money efficiently to support the arts.</p>
+The possibility of success without oppression is not limited to
+bestsellers.  Many artists of various levels of fame now make an adequate
+living through <a href="
+http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091119/1634117011.shtml";>voluntary
+support</a>: donations and merchandise purchases of their fans.  Kevin Kelly
+estimates the artist need only find around <a
+href="http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php";>
+1,000 true fans</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+When computer networks provide an easy anonymous method for sending someone
+a small amount of money, without a credit card, it will be easy to set up a
+much better system to support the arts.  When you view a work, there will be
+a button you can press saying &ldquo;Click here to send the artist one
+dollar&rdquo;.  Wouldn't you press it, at least once a week?</p>
+
+<p>
+Another good way to support music and the arts is with <a
+href="dat.html">tax funds</a>&mdash;perhaps a tax on blank media or on
+Internet connectivity.  The state should distribute the tax money entirely
+to the artists, not waste it on corporate executives.  But the state should
+not distribute it in linear proportion to popularity, because that would
+give most of it to a few superstars, leaving little to support all the other
+artists.  I therefore recommend using a cube-root function or something
+similar.  With linear proportion, superstar A with 1000 times the popularity
+of a successful artist B will get 1000 times as much money as B.  With the
+cube root, A will get 10 times as much as B.  Thus, each superstar gets a
+larger share than a less popular artist, but most of the funds go to the
+artists who really need this support.  This system will use our tax money
+efficiently to support the arts.</p>
+
+<p>
+The <a href="http://mecenat-global.org";>Global Patronage</a> proposal
+combines aspects of those two systems, incorporating mandatory payments with
+voluntary allocation among artists.</p>
 
 <!--
 <p>
 In Spain, this tax system should replace the SGAE and its canon,
 which could be eliminated.</p> -->
 <p>
-برای تبدیل کپی‌رایت به قانونی متناسب با 
عصر شبکه، کپی‌های غیر تجاری و به
-اشتراک گذاریِ آثار منتشر شده باید قانونی 
شوند، و DRM تحریم شود. اما تا
-هنگامی که در این مبارزه پیروز شویم، باید از 
خود حمایت کنید: محصولاتی که
-دارای DRM هستند خریداری نکنید، مگر اینکه 
شخصا ابزاری برای شکستن DRM و تهیهٔ
-کپی در اختیار داشته باشید.</p>
+To make copyright fit the network age, we should legalize the noncommercial
+copying and sharing of all published works, and prohibit DRM.  But until we
+win this battle, you must protect yourself: don't buy any products with DRM
+unless you personally have the means to break the DRM.  Never use a product
+designed to attack your freedom unless you can nullify the attack.</p>
 
 
 <div style="font-size: small;">
@@ -165,11 +179,11 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fa.html" -->
 <div id="footer">
 <p>
-لطفا سوالات و پرسش‌های خود در رابطه با گنو 
و بنیاد نرم‌افزارهای آزاد را به
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a> ارسال 
کنید. همچنین <a
-href="/contact/">راه‌های دیگری برای تماس</a> با 
بنیاد نرم‌افزارهای آزاد وجود
-دارد. <br /> لطفا لینک‌های خراب و یا مشکلات 
دیگر یا پیشنهادات خود را به <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a> ارسال کنید.
+Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send
+broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
 </p>
 
 <p>
@@ -193,7 +207,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 آخرین به روز رسانی:
 
-$Date: 2010/01/15 09:26:54 $
+$Date: 2010/04/22 08:26:09 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.25
retrieving revision 1.26
diff -u -b -r1.25 -r1.26
--- philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.fr.html     15 Jan 2010 09:26:54 -0000      
1.25
+++ philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.fr.html     22 Apr 2010 08:26:09 -0000      
1.26
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@
 Bien. Au revoir le pass&eacute; donc.</p>
 
 <p>
-More recently, humanity has developed a new way of distributing information:
-computers and networks.  They facilitate copying and manipulating
-information, including software, musical recordings, books, and movies, and
-offer the possibility of unlimited access to all sorts of data&mdash;an
-information utopia.</p>
+Now we have a new way of distributing information: computers and networks.
+Their benefit is that they facilitate copying and manipulating information,
+including software, musical recordings, books, and movies.  They offer the
+possibility of unlimited access to all sorts of data&mdash;an information
+utopia.</p>
 
 <p>
 Un obstacle subsistait&nbsp;: le droit d'auteur. Lecteurs et auditeurs, qui
@@ -45,20 +45,21 @@
 In a democracy, a law that prohibits a popular and useful activity is
 usually soon relaxed. Not so where corporations have political power.  The
 publishers' lobby was determined to prevent the public from taking advantage
-of the power of their computers, and found copyright a suitable tool.  Under
+of the power of their computers, and found copyright a handy weapon.  Under
 their influence, rather than relaxing copyright rules to suit the new
-circumstances, governments made them stricter than ever, forbidding the act
-of sharing.</p>
+circumstances, governments made them stricter than ever, imposing harsh
+penalties on the practice of sharing.  The latest fashion in supporting the
+publishers against the citizens, known as `three strikes', is to cut off
+people's internet connections if they share.</p>
 
 <p>
-Mais ce ne fut pas le pire. Les ordinateurs peuvent &ecirc;tre des outils
-puissants de domination quand les developpeurs contr&ocirc;lent le programme
-utilis&eacute;. Les &eacute;diteurs r&eacute;alis&egrave;rent, qu'en
-publiant des travaux dans un format chiffr&eacute; seulement visibles par
-des programmes autoris&eacute;s, ils pourraient obtenir un pouvoir sans
-pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent&nbsp;: contraindre les lecteurs &agrave; payer et à 
-s'identifier &agrave; chaque lecture de livre, chaque &eacute;coute de
-chanson ou visionnage de vid&eacute;o.</p>
+But that wasn't the worst of it.  Computers can be powerful tools of
+domination when software suppliers deny users the control of the software
+they run.  The publishers realized that by publishing works in encrypted
+format, which only specially authorized software could view, they could gain
+unprecedented power: they could compel readers to pay, and identify
+themselves, every time they read a book, listen to a song, or watch a
+video.  That is the publishers' dream: a pay-per-view universe.</p>
 
 <p>
 The publishers gained US government support for their dream with the Digital
@@ -69,32 +70,32 @@
 authorization is forbidden.</p>
 
 <p>
-Nous avons toujours les m&ecirc;mes vieilles libert&eacute;s pour
-l'utilisation de livre papier ou autre m&eacute;dia analogique. Mais, si les
-livres &eacute;lectroniques remplacent les imprim&eacute;s, ces
-libert&eacute;s ne seront pas tranf&eacute;r&eacute;es. Imaginez&nbsp;: plus
-de magasin d'occasions, plus de pr&ecirc;t de livre &agrave; un ami, plus
-d'emprunt &agrave; la biblioth&egrave;que publique, plus de
-&laquo;&nbsp;triche&nbsp;&raquo; qui pouvait donner &agrave; quelqu'un la
-chance de lire sans payer. Plus d'achat anonyme de livre en esp&egrave;ce:
-vous ne payez un livre &eacute;lectronique qu'avec une carte de
-cr&eacute;dit. Voici le monde que veulent les &eacute;diteurs pour nous. Si
-vous achetez l'Amazon Kindle<sup><a href="#TransNote2">2</a></sup> (nous
-l'appelons le Swindle<sup><a href="#TransNote3">3</a></sup>) ou le lecteur
-Sony (nous l'appelons le Shreader pour ce qu'il menace de faire aux livres),
-vous payez pour r&eacute;aliser ce monde.</p>
-
-<p>
-La col&egrave;re du public &agrave; propos des DRM cro&icirc;t
-doucement,ralentie par des termes de propagande comme <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html">&laquo;&nbsp;protection
-d'auteur&nbsp;&raquo;</a> et <a
-href="/philosophy/not-ipr.fr.html">&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute;
-intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;</a> qui ont convaincu les lecteurs que leurs
-droits ne comptaient pas. Ces termes d&eacute;montrent implicitement, que
-les &eacute;diteurs imposent un pouvoir sp&eacute;cial, au nom des auteurs,
-devant lequel nous devons nous incliner moralement, et que nous trompons
-quelqu'un en lisant et &eacute;coutant quelque chose sans payer.</p>
+We still have the same old freedoms in using paper books and other analog
+media.  But if e-books replace printed books, those freedoms will not
+transfer.  Imagine: no more used book stores; no more lending a book to your
+friend; no more borrowing one from the public library&mdash;no more
+&ldquo;leaks&rdquo; that might give someone a chance to read without
+paying.  No more purchasing a book anonymously with cash&mdash;you can only
+buy an e-book with a credit card.  That is the world the publishers want to
+impose on us.  If you buy the Amazon Kindle (we call it the Swindle) or the
+Sony Reader (we call it the Shreader for what it threatens to do to books),
+you pay to establish that world.</p>
+
+<p>
+The Swindle even has an orwellian back door that can be used to erase books
+remotely.  Amazon demonstrated this capability by erasing copies, purchased
+from Amazon, of Orwell's book 1984.  Evidently Amazon's name for this
+product reflects the intention to burn our books.</p>
+
+<p>
+Public anger against DRM is slowly growing, held back because propaganda
+expressions such as <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">&ldquo;protect
+authors&rdquo;</a> and <a
+href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;</a> have
+convinced readers that their rights do not count.  These terms implicitly
+assume that publishers deserve special power in the name of the authors,
+that we are morally obliged to bow to them, and that we have wronged someone
+if we see or hear anything without paying for permission.</p>
 
 <p>
 Les organismes qui tirent le plus profit de l'exercice l&eacute;gal du droit
@@ -105,64 +106,70 @@
 assimilant l'aide &agrave; son voisin &agrave; une attaque de bateau.</p>
 
 <p>
-Ils nous disent aussi qu'une guerre cruelle contre la copie est la seule
-mani&egrave;re de garder l'art vivant. Quoi qu'il en soit, cela ne justifie
-pas une telle cruaut&eacute;&nbsp;; qui plus est, ce n'est pas vrai. Le
-partage public de copies tend &agrave; augmenter les ventes de la plupart
-des travaux et ne diminue les ventes que pour dix pourcents des meilleurs
-succ&egrave;s.</p>
-
-<p>
-But bestsellers also can still do well without stopping sharing.  Stephen
-King got hundreds of thousands of dollars selling an unencrypted e-book with
-no obstacle to copying and sharing.  The singer Issa, aka. Jane Siberry,
-asks people to <a href="http://www.sheeba.ca/store/help.php#sdp";> choose
-their own prices</a> when they download songs, and averages more per
-download than the usual $0.99.  Radiohead made millions in 2007 by inviting
-fans to copy an album and pay what they wished, while it was also shared
-through P2P.  In 2008, <a
+They also tell us that a War on Sharing is the only way to keep art alive.
+Even if true, it would not justify the policy; but it isn't true.  Public
+sharing of copies is likely to increase the sales of most works, and
+decrease sales only for big hits.</p>
+
+<p>
+Bestsellers can still do well without forbidding sharing.  Stephen King got
+hundreds of thousands of dollars selling an unencrypted e-book serial with
+no obstacle to copying and sharing.  (He was dissatisfied with that amount
+and called the experiment a failure, but it looks like a success to me.)
+Radiohead made millions in 2007 by inviting fans to copy an album and pay
+what they wished, while it was also shared through P2P.  In 2008, <a
 href="http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html";> Nine
 Inch Nails released an album with permission to share copies</a> and made
 750,000 dollars in a few days.</p>
 
 <p>
-Lorsque les r&eacute;seaux informatiques permettent une m&eacute;thode
-facile et anonyme pour envoyer &agrave; quelqu'un une petite somme d'argent,
-sans carte de cr&eacute;dit, il devrait &ecirc;tre ais&eacute; de mettre en
-place un meilleur syst&egrave;me d'aide aux arts. Quand vous verrez un
-travail, il y aura un bouton disant &laquo;&nbsp;Cliquez ici pour donner un
-dollar &agrave; l'artiste&nbsp;&raquo;. Le presserez-vous au moins une fois
-par semaine&nbsp;? Mais les contributions volontaires des fans peuvent
-d&eacute;j&agrave; soutenir un artiste&nbsp;; Kevin Kelly estime qu'un
-artiste n'a besoin de trouver qu'approximativement <a
-href="http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php";>1000
-vrais fans</a>.</p>
-
-<p>
-Another good way to support music and the arts is with a <a href="dat.html">
-tax on blank media</a>.  If the state distributes the tax money entirely to
-the artists, it will not be wasted on corporate executives.  But the state
-should not distribute it in linear proportion to popularity, because that
-would give most of it to a few superstars, leaving little to support all the
-other artists.  I therefore recommend using a cube-root function or
-something similar.  With cube root, a superstar with 1000 times the
-popularity of a successful artist will get 10 times as much, instead of 1000
-times as much.  This way, although each superstar gets a larger share than
-the other artists, the superstars together will get only a small fraction of
-the money, leaving most of it to support a large number of other artists.
-This system will use our tax money efficiently to support the arts.</p>
+The possibility of success without oppression is not limited to
+bestsellers.  Many artists of various levels of fame now make an adequate
+living through <a href="
+http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091119/1634117011.shtml";>voluntary
+support</a>: donations and merchandise purchases of their fans.  Kevin Kelly
+estimates the artist need only find around <a
+href="http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php";>
+1,000 true fans</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+When computer networks provide an easy anonymous method for sending someone
+a small amount of money, without a credit card, it will be easy to set up a
+much better system to support the arts.  When you view a work, there will be
+a button you can press saying &ldquo;Click here to send the artist one
+dollar&rdquo;.  Wouldn't you press it, at least once a week?</p>
+
+<p>
+Another good way to support music and the arts is with <a
+href="dat.html">tax funds</a>&mdash;perhaps a tax on blank media or on
+Internet connectivity.  The state should distribute the tax money entirely
+to the artists, not waste it on corporate executives.  But the state should
+not distribute it in linear proportion to popularity, because that would
+give most of it to a few superstars, leaving little to support all the other
+artists.  I therefore recommend using a cube-root function or something
+similar.  With linear proportion, superstar A with 1000 times the popularity
+of a successful artist B will get 1000 times as much money as B.  With the
+cube root, A will get 10 times as much as B.  Thus, each superstar gets a
+larger share than a less popular artist, but most of the funds go to the
+artists who really need this support.  This system will use our tax money
+efficiently to support the arts.</p>
+
+<p>
+The <a href="http://mecenat-global.org";>Global Patronage</a> proposal
+combines aspects of those two systems, incorporating mandatory payments with
+voluntary allocation among artists.</p>
 
 <!--
 <p>
 In Spain, this tax system should replace the SGAE and its canon,
 which could be eliminated.</p> -->
 <p>
-Pour que le droit d'auteur colle &agrave; l'&acirc;ge du r&eacute;seau, nous
-devrions interdire les DRM et l&eacute;galiser les copies ou partages non
-commerciaux de tous les travaux publi&eacute;s. Mais avant que nous ne
-gagnions cette bataille, vous devez vous prot&eacute;ger&nbsp;: n'achetez
-aucun produit avec DRM &agrave; moins que vous n'ayiez personnellement les
-moyens de les contourner et de faire des copies.</p>
+To make copyright fit the network age, we should legalize the noncommercial
+copying and sharing of all published works, and prohibit DRM.  But until we
+win this battle, you must protect yourself: don't buy any products with DRM
+unless you personally have the means to break the DRM.  Never use a product
+designed to attack your freedom unless you can nullify the attack.</p>
 
 
 <div style="font-size: small;">
@@ -184,12 +191,11 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
 <div id="footer">
 <p>
-Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a
-href="/contact/">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez
-envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux
-<a href="/people/webmeisters.html">webmestres de GNU</a> Ã  l'adresse <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send
+broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
 </p>
 
 <p>
@@ -215,7 +221,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2010/01/15 09:26:54 $
+$Date: 2010/04/22 08:26:09 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/fs-motives.ca.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/fs-motives.ca.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/fs-motives.ca.html       31 Mar 2010 08:26:05 -0000      1.1
+++ philosophy/fs-motives.ca.html       22 Apr 2010 08:26:09 -0000      1.2
@@ -69,6 +69,11 @@
 <p>La naturalesa humana és complexa, i és molt habitual que una persona 
tingui
 simultà niament diversos motius per fer una sola cosa.</p>
 
+<p>Free software projects, and policies that affect software development (such
+as laws), can't limit themselves to maximising the profit motive.  When
+encouraging software development is the goal, all these motivations have to
+be considered, not just any particular one.</p>
+
 <p>Cada persona és diferent, i pot haver-hi altres motius que no són a la
 llista. Si sabeu d'altres motivacions que no estiguin aquí, escriviu si us
 plau a <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>. Si
@@ -119,7 +124,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Updated:
 
-$Date: 2010/03/31 08:26:05 $
+$Date: 2010/04/22 08:26:09 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/fs-motives.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/fs-motives.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/fs-motives.fr.html       31 Mar 2010 08:26:05 -0000      1.6
+++ philosophy/fs-motives.fr.html       22 Apr 2010 08:26:09 -0000      1.7
@@ -76,6 +76,11 @@
 <p>La nature humaine est complexe, et il est tout à fait courant pour une
 personne d'avoir plusieurs raisons pour une seule action.</p>
 
+<p>Free software projects, and policies that affect software development (such
+as laws), can't limit themselves to maximising the profit motive.  When
+encouraging software development is the goal, all these motivations have to
+be considered, not just any particular one.</p>
+
 <p>Chaque personne est différente, et il pourrait y avoir d'autres raisons que
 nous avons manquées dans cette liste. Si vous connaissez d'autres raisons
 qui ne seraient pas citées ici, veuillez envoyer un courriel à <a
@@ -127,7 +132,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2010/03/31 08:26:05 $
+$Date: 2010/04/22 08:26:09 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/po/fs-motives.ca.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/fs-motives.ca.po,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/fs-motives.ca.po      30 Mar 2010 20:25:54 -0000      1.2
+++ philosophy/po/fs-motives.ca.po      22 Apr 2010 08:26:12 -0000      1.3
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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 "Project-Id-Version: fs-motives.ca\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-05-18 16:26-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-22 04:26-0300\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2010-03-27 19:09+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Miquel Puigpelat <address@hidden>\n"
 "Language-Team: Catalan\n"
@@ -118,6 +118,14 @@
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
 msgid ""
+"Free software projects, and policies that affect software development (such "
+"as laws), can't limit themselves to maximising the profit motive.  When "
+"encouraging software development is the goal, all these motivations have to "
+"be considered, not just any particular one."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
 "Each person is different, and there could be other motives that are missing "
 "from this list.  If you know of other motives not listed here, please send "
 "email to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</"

Index: philosophy/po/fs-motives.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/fs-motives.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/po/fs-motives.fr.po      14 Feb 2010 15:36:28 -0000      1.4
+++ philosophy/po/fs-motives.fr.po      22 Apr 2010 08:26:12 -0000      1.5
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: fs-motives.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-05-18 16:26-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-22 04:26-0300\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2009-05-21 17:04+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Cédric Corazza <cedric.corazza AT wanadoo.fr>\n"
 "Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -124,6 +124,14 @@
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
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+"Free software projects, and policies that affect software development (such "
+"as laws), can't limit themselves to maximising the profit motive.  When "
+"encouraging software development is the goal, all these motivations have to "
+"be considered, not just any particular one."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
 "Each person is different, and there could be other motives that are missing "
 "from this list.  If you know of other motives not listed here, please send "
 "email to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</"

Index: philosophy/po/fs-motives.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/fs-motives.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/fs-motives.pot        18 May 2009 20:26:08 -0000      1.1
+++ philosophy/po/fs-motives.pot        22 Apr 2010 08:26:12 -0000      1.2
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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@@ -90,6 +90,14 @@
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
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+"Free software projects, and policies that affect software development (such "
+"as laws), can't limit themselves to maximising the profit motive.  When "
+"encouraging software development is the goal, all these motivations have to "
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 "Each person is different, and there could be other motives that are missing "
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