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www/gnu initial-announcement.ar.html initial-an...

From: Yavor Doganov
Subject: www/gnu initial-announcement.ar.html initial-an...
Date: Wed, 13 Jan 2010 09:26:38 +0000 
CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Yavor Doganov <yavor>   10/01/13 09:26:37

Modified files:
        gnu            : initial-announcement.ar.html 
                         initial-announcement.bg.html 
                         initial-announcement.ca.html 
                         initial-announcement.fr.html manifesto.ar.html 
                         manifesto.ca.html manifesto.fr.html 
                         manifesto.sr.html 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/initial-announcement.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/initial-announcement.bg.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/initial-announcement.ca.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/initial-announcement.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.ca.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.sr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18

Patches:
Index: initial-announcement.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/initial-announcement.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- initial-announcement.ar.html        17 Nov 2009 09:27:11 -0000      1.3
+++ initial-announcement.ar.html        13 Jan 2010 09:26:31 -0000      1.4
@@ -9,11 +9,12 @@
 <h2>البيان الأولي</h2>
 
 <p> This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by <a
-href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> on September 27th 
1983.</p>
+href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> on September 27, 1983.</p>
 
-<p> إن تاريخ غنو مختلف من جوانب عديدةعن هذه 
الخطة المبدئية. على سبيل المثال،
-أُخّر تاريخ البدء إلى يناير 1984 ولم تكن 
تقاصيل عديدة تتعلق  <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">بالبرمجيات الحرة</a> قد 
أوضحت.</p>
+<p> The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from this 
initial
+plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until January, 1984.  Several
+of the philosophical concepts of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a> had not yet been clarified.</p>
 
 <h3>يونكس حر!</h3>
 
@@ -241,7 +242,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 حُدّثت:
 
-$Date: 2009/11/17 09:27:11 $
+$Date: 2010/01/13 09:26:31 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: initial-announcement.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/initial-announcement.bg.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- initial-announcement.bg.html        29 Oct 2009 20:25:27 -0000      1.6
+++ initial-announcement.bg.html        13 Jan 2010 09:26:31 -0000      1.7
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.bg.html" -->
 <h2>Първоначално обявление</h2>
 
-<p> Това е оригиналното обявление на 
проекта GNU, изпратено от <a
-href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Ричард Столман</a> на 27 
септември 1983 г.</p>
+<p> This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by <a
+href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> on September 27, 1983.</p>
 
-<p> Историята на проекта GNU се различава 
доста от този първоначален план.
-Например, началото бе отложено до януари 
1984 г., и някои от подробностите
-относно понятието <a 
href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">свободен софтуер</a>
-не са били уточнени.</p>
+<p> The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from this 
initial
+plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until January, 1984.  Several
+of the philosophical concepts of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a> had not yet been clarified.</p>
 
 <h3>Свободен „Юникс“!</h3>
 
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Последно обновяване:
 
-$Date: 2009/10/29 20:25:27 $
+$Date: 2010/01/13 09:26:31 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: initial-announcement.ca.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/initial-announcement.ca.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- initial-announcement.ca.html        17 Nov 2009 09:27:11 -0000      1.9
+++ initial-announcement.ca.html        13 Jan 2010 09:26:31 -0000      1.10
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
 <h2>Anunci inicial</h2>
 
 <p> This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by <a
-href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> on September 27th 
1983.</p>
+href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> on September 27, 1983.</p>
 
-<p> La història del Projecte GNU és en molts aspectes diferent d'aquest pla
-inicial. Per exemple, el començament es va retardar fins a gener de 1984 i
-alguns detalls sobre el <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">programari
-lliure</a> encara no s'havien clarificat.</p>
+<p> The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from this 
initial
+plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until January, 1984.  Several
+of the philosophical concepts of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a> had not yet been clarified.</p>
 
 <h3>Unix Lliure!</h3>
 
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Updated:
 
-$Date: 2009/11/17 09:27:11 $
+$Date: 2010/01/13 09:26:31 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: initial-announcement.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/initial-announcement.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- initial-announcement.fr.html        30 Oct 2009 08:25:41 -0000      1.26
+++ initial-announcement.fr.html        13 Jan 2010 09:26:31 -0000      1.27
@@ -8,14 +8,13 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
 <h2>Annonce initiale</h2>
 
-<p> Ceci est l'annonce originale du Projet GNU, &eacute;crite par <a
-href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> le 27 septembre 1983.</p>
+<p> This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by <a
+href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> on September 27, 1983.</p>
 
-<p> L'histoire du Projet GNU diff&egrave;re en beaucoup de points de ce plan
-initial. Par exemple, le d&eacute;but a &eacute;t&eacute; report&eacute; en
-janvier 1984 et plusieurs d&eacute;tails en rapport avec le <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">logiciel libre</a> n'ont pas encore
-&eacute;t&eacute; clarifi&eacute;s.</p>
+<p> The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from this 
initial
+plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until January, 1984.  Several
+of the philosophical concepts of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a> had not yet been clarified.</p>
 
 <h3>Lib&eacute;rez Unix&nbsp;!</h3>
 
@@ -286,7 +285,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/10/30 08:25:41 $
+$Date: 2010/01/13 09:26:31 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: manifesto.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/manifesto.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- manifesto.ar.html   21 Sep 2009 20:25:39 -0000      1.2
+++ manifesto.ar.html   13 Jan 2010 09:26:32 -0000      1.3
@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@
 طفيف في السنوات القليلة الأولى، لكننا نرى 
الآن أنه من الأفضل إبقاؤه غير
 معدّل كما شاهده معظم الناس.</p>
 
-<p>ومنذ ذلك الحين، اكتشفنا إساءة فهم معينة 
ناتجة عن صياغة يمكن تفاديها. أضيفت
-هوامش في عام 1993 للمساعدة في توضيح تلك 
النقاط.</p>
+<p>Since that time, we have learned about certain common misunderstandings that
+different wording could help avoid.  Footnotes added since 1993 help clarify
+these points.</p>
 
 <p>لمعلومات مُحدّثة عن برمجيات غنو الم
توفرة، من فضلك راجع المعلومات المتوفرة
 على <a href="/home.ar.html">خادومنا</a> وتحديدًا <a
@@ -70,9 +71,11 @@
 لم أستطع أن أبقى في معهد يتبع هذه الأساليب م
عي وبرفض مني.</p>
 
 <p>
-   ولأستمر في استخدام الحواسيب دون عار، 
قرّرت أن أضع كيانًا كافيًا للبرمجيات
-الحرة لأتمكن من المضي قدمًا بدون أي برم
جيات غير حرة. استقلت من معهد الذكاء
-الاصطناعي لأحجب أي سلطة قانونية لMIT تمنعني 
من نشر غنو.</p>
+   So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided to
+put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to
+get along without any software that is not free.  I have resigned from the
+AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away <a
+href="#f2a">(2a)</a>.</p>
 
 <h3>لماذا سيتوافق غنو مع يونكس</h3>
 
@@ -314,10 +317,11 @@
 البرمجة؛ لكن ليس بالقدر الذي يجنونه اليوم
.</p>
 
 <p>
-   تقييد النسخ ليس الأساس الوحيد لتجارة 
البرمجيات. يعتبر أكثر الأسس شيوعًا لأنه
-الأكثر جذبًا للمال. لو أن هذا الأسلوب ممنوع 
أو يرفضه الزبائن فإن تجارة
-البرمجيات سوف تنتقل إلى مجال آخر أقل 
انتشارًا اليوم. توجد دائمًا وسائل شتى
-لتنظيم أي نوع من التجارة.</p>
+   Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.  It is
+the most common basis <a href="#f8">(8)</a> because it brings in the most
+money.  If it were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software
+business would move to other bases of organization which are now used less
+often.  There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
 
 <p>
    قد لا تكون البرمجة مربحة بالأسس الجديدة 
كما هي عليه اليوم. لكن هذا ليس سببًا
@@ -509,32 +513,48 @@
 خطًأ؛ فإبمكانك الحصول على نسخ من برمجيات 
غنو بلا مقابل، من أصدقائك أو عبر
 الشبكة؛ لكنها لا تنفي الفهم الخاطئ.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression `give away' is another indication that I
+had not yet clearly separated the issue of price from that of freedom.  We
+now recommend avoiding this expression when talking about free software.
+See <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Confusing
+Words and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f3"></a>توجد شركات عديدة كهذه اليوم.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f4"></a>جمعت مؤسسة البرمجيات الحرة 
طوال العشر سنوات [الماضية] معظم
-أموالها من خدمة التوزيع، على الرغم من أنها 
مؤسسة خيرية وليست شركة. تستطيع <a
-href="/order/order.html">طلب بضائع من المؤسسة</a>.
+<li><a name="f4"></a> Although it is a charity rather than a company, the Free
+Software Foundation for 10 years raised most of its funds from its
+distribution service.  You can <a href="/order/order.html">order things from
+the FSF</a> to support its work.
 </li>
 
 <li><a name="f5"></a>ساهمت مجموعة من شركات الحاسوب 
قرابة عام 1991 في تمويل صيانة
 مصرّف غنو للسي.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f6"></a>لم أعِ في الثمانينات مدى لغط 
الحديث عن &rdquo;قضية&ldquo;
-&rdquo;الملكية الفكرية&ldquo;. هذا المصطلح متحيز 
بشكل صريح؛ الأمر الأكثر
-مكرًا أنه يجمع قوانين مختلفة ذات قضايا م
ختلفة تمامًا. إنني أنصح الجميع اليوم
-بأن يتجنبوا استخدام مصطلح &rdquo;الملكية 
الفكرية&ldquo; تمامًا، خشية أن يقود
-الآخرين إلى افتراض أن هذه القوانين نابعة م
ن قضية واحدة. أوضح طريقة هي الحديث
-عن براءات الاختراع وحقوق النشر والعلامات 
التجارية بشكل منفصل. راجع <a
-href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">الشرح الأطول</a> لتعرف كيف 
ينشر هذا المصطلح
-اللغط والانحياز.</li>
-
-<li><a name="f7"></a>تعلمنا لاحقًا التفريق بين 
&rdquo;البرمجيات الحرة&ldquo;
-(بالإنجليزية &rdquo;free software&ldquo;) و&rdquo;البرامج 
المجانية&ldquo;
-(بالإنجليزية &rdquo;freeware&ldquo;.) &rdquo;البرامج الم
جانية&ldquo; تعني
-البرمجيات التي أنت حر في إعادة توزيعها، 
لكنك لست حرًا عادة في دراسة وتغيير
-الكود المصدري، ولذا فإن معظمها ليس حرًا. 
راجع <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware">صفحة الكلمات 
والعبارات
-المُضلّلة</a> لمزيد من التوضيح.</li>
+<li><a name="f6"></a>In the 1980s I had not yet realized how confusing it was 
to
+speak of &ldquo;the issue&rdquo; of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;.
+That term is obviously biased; more subtle is the fact that it lumps
+together various disparate laws which raise very different issues.  Nowadays
+I urge people to reject the term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;
+entirely, lest it lead others to suppose that those laws form one coherent
+issue.  The way to be clear is to discuss patents, copyrights, and
+trademarks separately.  See <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">further
+explanation</a> of how this term spreads confusion and bias.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f7"></a>Subsequently we learned to distinguish between &ldquo;free
+software&rdquo; and &ldquo;freeware&rdquo;.  The term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo;
+means software you are free to redistribute, but usually you are not free to
+study and change the source code, so most of it is not free software.  See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware"> <q>Confusing Words and
+Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary software
+was the most common basis for making money in software.  It seems that
+actually the most common business model was and is development of custom
+software.  That does not offer the possibility of collecting rents, so the
+business has to keep doing real work in order to keep getting income.  The
+custom software business would continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in
+a free software world.  Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid
+programmers would earn less in a free software world.</li>
 </ol>
 
 
@@ -580,7 +600,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 حُدّثت:
 
-$Date: 2009/09/21 20:25:39 $
+$Date: 2010/01/13 09:26:32 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
@@ -642,6 +662,8 @@
 <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.sv.html">svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>
 <!-- Tamil -->
 <li><a 
href="/gnu/manifesto.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 

Index: manifesto.ca.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/manifesto.ca.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- manifesto.ca.html   17 Oct 2009 08:26:08 -0000      1.4
+++ manifesto.ca.html   13 Jan 2010 09:26:32 -0000      1.5
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 sembla millor deixar-lo sense modificar, com l'ha conegut la majoria de la
 gent.</p>
 
-<p>Des d'aleshores, hem après que és possible ajudar a evitar certes 
confusions
-comuns amb un canvi en l'elecció de paraules. Les notes a peu de pàgina van
-ser afegides en 1993 per ajudar a aclarir aquests punts.</p>
+<p>Since that time, we have learned about certain common misunderstandings that
+different wording could help avoid.  Footnotes added since 1993 help clarify
+these points.</p>
 
 <p>Per estar al dia amb el programari GNU disponible, si us plau consulteu la
 informació disponible en el nostre <a
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@
 terme contra la meva voluntat.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Com que vull continuar emprant ordinadors sense perdre el meu honor, he
-decidit agrupar un cos suficient de programari lliure per tal de ser capaç
-de tirar endavant sense cap mena de programari que no sigui lliure. He
-abandonat el Laboratori d'Intel·ligència Artificial per denegar qualsevol
-excusa legal al MIT que m'impedís oferir el GNU lliurement.</p>
+   So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided to
+put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to
+get along without any software that is not free.  I have resigned from the
+AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away <a
+href="#f2a">(2a)</a>.</p>
 
 <h3>Per què el GNU serà compatible amb l'Unix</h3>
 
@@ -386,11 +386,11 @@
 com ara.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Restringir la còpia no és l'única base per al negoci del programari. És 
la
-més comuna perquè permet guanyar molts diners. Si aquesta es prohibís, o fos
-rebutjada pel consumidor, el negoci del programari es mouria cap altres
-bases d'organització que ara s'usen menys. Sempre hi ha nombroses maneres
-d'organitzar qualsevol tipus de negoci.</p>
+   Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.  It is
+the most common basis <a href="#f8">(8)</a> because it brings in the most
+money.  If it were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software
+business would move to other bases of organization which are now used less
+often.  There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
 
 <p>
    Probablement la programació no serà tant lucrativa amb la nova base com ho
@@ -625,35 +625,49 @@
 programari GNU sense càrrec, dels teus amics o a través de la xarxa. Però
 l'afirmació suggereix la idea equivocada.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression `give away' is another indication that I
+had not yet clearly separated the issue of price from that of freedom.  We
+now recommend avoiding this expression when talking about free software.
+See <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Confusing
+Words and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f3"></a>Ja existeixen moltes d'aquestes companyies.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f4"></a>La Free Software Foundation durant 10 anys ha aconseguit 
la
-major part dels seus fons d'un servei de distribució, encara que és més una
-caritat que una empresa. Ara pots <a href="/order/order.html">demanar coses
-de la FSF</a>.
+<li><a name="f4"></a> Although it is a charity rather than a company, the Free
+Software Foundation for 10 years raised most of its funds from its
+distribution service.  You can <a href="/order/order.html">order things from
+the FSF</a> to support its work.
 </li>
 
 <li><a name="f5"></a>Una agrupació d'empreses informàtiques donaren fons al
 voltant de l'any 1991 per donar suport al manteniment del Compilador C de
 GNU.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f6"></a>Als anys 80 encara no m'havia adonat de la confusió que
-creava parlar de "la qüestió" de la "propietat intel·lectual". Aquest terme
-òbviament és esbiaixat; més subtil és el fet que agrupa diverses lleis que
-plantegen qüestions molt diferents. Avui en dia insisteixo a la gent a
-rebutjar el terme "propietat intel·lectual" completament, per a evitar que
-altra gent pense que aquestes lleis juntes són coherents. La manera de ser
-clar és parlar de patents, drets d'autor i marques comercials per
-separat. Veieu <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">una explicació més
-detallada</a> de com aquest terme provoca confusió i biaix.</li>
-
-<li><a name="f7"></a>Posteriorment hem après a distingir entre "programari
-lliure" (free software) i "programari gratuït" (freeware). El terme
-"programari gratuït" significa programari que eres lliure de redistribuir,
-però que normalment no eres lliure d'estudiar o modificar el codi font, així
-que la majoria d'aquest programari no és lliure. Veieu <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.ca.html#Freeware"> la pàgina de Paraules i
-Frases confuses</a> per a més explicacions.</li>
+<li><a name="f6"></a>In the 1980s I had not yet realized how confusing it was 
to
+speak of &ldquo;the issue&rdquo; of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;.
+That term is obviously biased; more subtle is the fact that it lumps
+together various disparate laws which raise very different issues.  Nowadays
+I urge people to reject the term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;
+entirely, lest it lead others to suppose that those laws form one coherent
+issue.  The way to be clear is to discuss patents, copyrights, and
+trademarks separately.  See <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">further
+explanation</a> of how this term spreads confusion and bias.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f7"></a>Subsequently we learned to distinguish between &ldquo;free
+software&rdquo; and &ldquo;freeware&rdquo;.  The term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo;
+means software you are free to redistribute, but usually you are not free to
+study and change the source code, so most of it is not free software.  See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware"> <q>Confusing Words and
+Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary software
+was the most common basis for making money in software.  It seems that
+actually the most common business model was and is development of custom
+software.  That does not offer the possibility of collecting rents, so the
+business has to keep doing real work in order to keep getting income.  The
+custom software business would continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in
+a free software world.  Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid
+programmers would earn less in a free software world.</li>
 </ol>
 
 
@@ -704,7 +718,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Updated:
 
-$Date: 2009/10/17 08:26:08 $
+$Date: 2010/01/13 09:26:32 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
@@ -766,6 +780,8 @@
 <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.sv.html">svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>
 <!-- Tamil -->
 <li><a 
href="/gnu/manifesto.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 

Index: manifesto.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/manifesto.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- manifesto.fr.html   30 Oct 2009 20:25:35 -0000      1.26
+++ manifesto.fr.html   13 Jan 2010 09:26:32 -0000      1.27
@@ -14,10 +14,9 @@
 &agrave; jour pour tenir compte des d&eacute;veloppements, mais il nous
 semble maintenant plus judicieux de le laisser en l'&eacute;tat.</p>
 
-<p>Nous avons appris depuis qu'il y avait quelques incompr&eacute;hensions;
-celles-ci peuvent &ecirc;tre corrig&eacute;es en changeant quelques
-mots. Des notes de bas de page ajout&eacute;es en 1993 aident &agrave;
-clarifier ces points.</p>
+<p>Since that time, we have learned about certain common misunderstandings that
+different wording could help avoid.  Footnotes added since 1993 help clarify
+these points.</p>
 
 <p>Pour les derni&egrave;res informations sur les logiciels GNU actuellement
 disponibles, veuillez vous r&eacute;f&eacute;rer &agrave; notre <a
@@ -99,12 +98,11 @@
 volont&eacute;.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Pour pouvoir continuer &agrave; utiliser les ordinateurs en accord avec ma
-conscience, j'ai d&eacute;cid&eacute; de rassembler un ensemble suffisant de
-logiciels libres, pour pouvoir me d&eacute;brouiller sans logiciels non
-libres. J'ai d&eacute;missionn&eacute; du laboratoire d'Intelligence
-Artificielle pour que le MIT ne puisse invoquer toutes les excuses
-l&eacute;gales pour m'emp&ecirc;cher de distribuer GNU librement.</p>
+   So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided to
+put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to
+get along without any software that is not free.  I have resigned from the
+AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away <a
+href="#f2a">(2a)</a>.</p>
 
 <h3>Pourquoi GNU sera compatible avec Unix</h3>
 
@@ -442,12 +440,11 @@
 pour programmer; seulement, peut-&ecirc;tre pas autant qu'actuellement.</p>
 
 <p>
-   La restriction des copies n'est pas la seule base des affaires du domaine
-des logiciels. C'est la base la plus commune, car c'est la plus rentable. Si
-ces restrictions &eacute;taient interdites ou rejet&eacute;es par le client,
-les &eacute;diteurs passeraient &agrave; d'autres formes d'organisation, qui
-sont actuellement moins utilis&eacute;es. Il y a de nombreuses fa&ccedil;ons
-d'organiser une entreprise.</p>
+   Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.  It is
+the most common basis <a href="#f8">(8)</a> because it brings in the most
+money.  If it were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software
+business would move to other bases of organization which are now used less
+often.  There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
 
 <p>
    Il est probable qu'avec ce nouveau syst&egrave;me, la programmation serait
@@ -716,44 +713,48 @@
 &laquo;&nbsp;libre&nbsp;&raquo; et &laquo;&nbsp;gratuit&nbsp;&raquo; est
 &eacute;vidente.]</li>
 
+<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression `give away' is another indication that I
+had not yet clearly separated the issue of price from that of freedom.  We
+now recommend avoiding this expression when talking about free software.
+See <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Confusing
+Words and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f3"></a> De telles soci&eacute;t&eacute;s existent 
actuellement.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f4"></a>Depuis dix ans, la Free Software Foundation a lev&eacute;
-la plupart de ses fonds &agrave; travers un service de distribution, bien
-qu'elle soit une association plut&ocirc;t qu'une soci&eacute;t&eacute;. Vous
-pouvez <a href="/order/order.html">commander des logiciels, des livres,
-&hellip; &agrave; la FSF</a>.
+<li><a name="f4"></a> Although it is a charity rather than a company, the Free
+Software Foundation for 10 years raised most of its funds from its
+distribution service.  You can <a href="/order/order.html">order things from
+the FSF</a> to support its work.
 </li>
 
 <li><a name="f5"></a> Un groupe de soci&eacute;t&eacute;s a r&eacute;uni des
 fonds vers 1991 pour financer la maintenance du compilateur C de GNU.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f6"></a> Dans les ann&eacute;es 80, je n'avais pas encore
-r&eacute;alis&eacute; &agrave; quel point il &eacute;tait d&eacute;routant
-de parler du &laquo;&nbsp;probl&egrave;me&nbsp;&raquo; de la
-&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;. Ce terme
-est &eacute;videmment partial; plus subtil dans le fait qu'il m&eacute;lange
-diverses lois disparates qui traitent de probl&agrave;mes tr&agrave;s
-diff&eacute;rents. De nos jours, je presse les gens &agrave; rejeter
-totalement le terme &laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute;
-intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;, de peur qu'il ne conduise d'autres personnes
-&agrave; supposer que ces lois forment une solution coh&eacute;rente. La
-fa&ccedil;on d'&ecirc;tre clair est de parler de brevets, de droits
-d'auteur, et de marques d&eacute;pos&eacute;es
-s&eacute;par&eacute;ment. Voir <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.fr.xhtml">des
-explications plus d&eacute;taill&eacute;es</a> sur la mani&egrave;re dont ce
-terme s&egrave;me la confusion et le parti-pris.</li>
-
-<li><a name="f7"></a> Par la suite, nous avons appris la distinction entre
-&laquo;&nbsp;logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo; et
-&laquo;&nbsp;graticiel&nbsp;&raquo; (&laquo;&nbsp;freeware&nbsp;&raquo;). Le
-terme &laquo;&nbsp;graticiel&nbsp;&nbsp;&raquo; signifie logiciel que vous
-&ecirc;tes libre de redistribuer, mais g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement, vous
-n'&ecirc;tes pas libre de l'&eacute;tudier ou de changer le code source;
-donc la plupart d'entre eux ne sont pas des logiciels libres. Voir la page
-<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html#Freeware">Termes pr&ecirc;tant
-&agrave; confusion, que vous devriez &eacute;viter</a> pour plus
-d'explications.</li>
+<li><a name="f6"></a>In the 1980s I had not yet realized how confusing it was 
to
+speak of &ldquo;the issue&rdquo; of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;.
+That term is obviously biased; more subtle is the fact that it lumps
+together various disparate laws which raise very different issues.  Nowadays
+I urge people to reject the term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;
+entirely, lest it lead others to suppose that those laws form one coherent
+issue.  The way to be clear is to discuss patents, copyrights, and
+trademarks separately.  See <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">further
+explanation</a> of how this term spreads confusion and bias.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f7"></a>Subsequently we learned to distinguish between &ldquo;free
+software&rdquo; and &ldquo;freeware&rdquo;.  The term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo;
+means software you are free to redistribute, but usually you are not free to
+study and change the source code, so most of it is not free software.  See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware"> <q>Confusing Words and
+Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary software
+was the most common basis for making money in software.  It seems that
+actually the most common business model was and is development of custom
+software.  That does not offer the possibility of collecting rents, so the
+business has to keep doing real work in order to keep getting income.  The
+custom software business would continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in
+a free software world.  Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid
+programmers would earn less in a free software world.</li>
 </ol>
 
 
@@ -802,7 +803,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/10/30 20:25:35 $
+$Date: 2010/01/13 09:26:32 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
@@ -864,6 +865,8 @@
 <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.sv.html">svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>
 <!-- Tamil -->
 <li><a 
href="/gnu/manifesto.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 

Index: manifesto.sr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/manifesto.sr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- manifesto.sr.html   30 Oct 2009 20:25:35 -0000      1.17
+++ manifesto.sr.html   13 Jan 2010 09:26:32 -0000      1.18
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 сада изгледа да је најбоље да се остави 
неизмењен јер га је видела већина
 људи.</p>
 
-<p>Од тада смо сазнали за многе уобичајене 
неспоразуме који су могли да буду
-избегнути другачијим избором речи. 
Фусноте додане 1993. помажу да се ти
-делови разјасне.</p>
+<p>Since that time, we have learned about certain common misunderstandings that
+different wording could help avoid.  Footnotes added since 1993 help clarify
+these points.</p>
 
 <p>За ажурне информације о доступном 
ГНУ-овом софтверу, молимо да погледате
 информације доступне на нашем <a 
href="/home.sr.html">веб серверу</a>, а
@@ -82,10 +82,11 @@
 институцији где ми се тако нешто намеће 
против моје воље.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Како бих могао да наставим да користим 
рачунаре чиста образа, одлучио сам да
-саставим довољан корпус слободног 
софтвера како бих био у могућности да
-уопште не користим софтвер који није 
слободан. Напустио сам ЛВИ како бих
-ускратио МИТ-у сваки правни изговор да ме 
спрече од расподеле ГНУ-а.</p>
+   So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided to
+put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to
+get along without any software that is not free.  I have resigned from the
+AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away <a
+href="#f2a">(2a)</a>.</p>
 
 <h3>Зашто ће ГНУ бити сагласан са Униксом</h3>
 
@@ -362,11 +363,11 @@
 увек бити могуће да буду плаћени за 
програмирање, само не толико као сада.</p>
 
 <p>
-   Спречавање копирања није једина основа 
за пословање засновано на
-софтверу. То је најчешћа основа јер доноси 
највише новца. Кад би било
-забрањено или одбијено од стране купаца, 
софтверски посао би прешао на друге
-начине организације који се сада ређе 
користе. Увек постоје разни начини да
-се организује било који посао.</p>
+   Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.  It is
+the most common basis <a href="#f8">(8)</a> because it brings in the most
+money.  If it were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software
+business would move to other bases of organization which are now used less
+often.  There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
 
 <p>
    Вероватно програмирање неће бити толико 
уносно на новим основама као што је
@@ -578,33 +579,48 @@
 да набавите примерке ГНУ-овог софтвера 
бесплатно, од ваших пријатеља или
 преко мреже. Али она наводи на погрешан 
закључак.</li>
 
+<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression `give away' is another indication that I
+had not yet clearly separated the issue of price from that of freedom.  We
+now recommend avoiding this expression when talking about free software.
+See <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"> <q>Confusing
+Words and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
 <li><a name="f3"></a>Данас постоји неколико таквих 
фирми.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f4"></a>Задужбина за слободни софтвер 
се 10 година углавном
-финансира из службе за расподелу, иако је 
добротворна организација, а не
-фирма. Можете и да <a 
href="/order/order.html">наручујете ствари од
-ЗСС-а</a>.
+<li><a name="f4"></a> Although it is a charity rather than a company, the Free
+Software Foundation for 10 years raised most of its funds from its
+distribution service.  You can <a href="/order/order.html">order things from
+the FSF</a> to support its work.
 </li>
 
 <li><a name="f5"></a>Неколико рачунарских фирми је 
1991. спонзорисало одржавање
 ГНУ-овог преводиоца за Це.</li>
 
-<li><a name="f6"></a>Осамдесетих још увек нисам сх
ватао колико је збуњујуће
-говорити о „питању“ „интелектуалне 
својине“. Тај израз је очито настао из
-предрасуде. Чињеница да он изједначава 
многе различите законе, који покрећу
-сасвим различита питања, је тананија. Сада 
свима тражим да у потпуности
-одбаце израз „интелектуална својина“, 
како не би некога навели да закључе да
-ови закони чине једно целовито питање. 
Начин на који се може бити јаснији је
-да се о патентима, ауторским правима и 
робним маркама расправља
-одвојено. Погледајте <a 
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.sr.html">даље
-објашњење</a> начина на који овај израз шири 
конфузију и двосмисленост.</li>
-
-<li><a name="f7"></a>Накнадно смо научили да 
разликујемо „слободан софтвер“ и
-„фривер“. Израз „фривер“ означава 
софтвер који можете да поново
-расподељујете, али обично вам није 
дозвољено да га проучавате и мењате његов
-изворни код, па већина фривера није 
слободан софтвер. Погледајте <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.sr.html#Freeware">страницу 
„збуњујуће речи
-и синтагме“</a> за више информација.</li>
+<li><a name="f6"></a>In the 1980s I had not yet realized how confusing it was 
to
+speak of &ldquo;the issue&rdquo; of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;.
+That term is obviously biased; more subtle is the fact that it lumps
+together various disparate laws which raise very different issues.  Nowadays
+I urge people to reject the term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;
+entirely, lest it lead others to suppose that those laws form one coherent
+issue.  The way to be clear is to discuss patents, copyrights, and
+trademarks separately.  See <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">further
+explanation</a> of how this term spreads confusion and bias.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f7"></a>Subsequently we learned to distinguish between &ldquo;free
+software&rdquo; and &ldquo;freeware&rdquo;.  The term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo;
+means software you are free to redistribute, but usually you are not free to
+study and change the source code, so most of it is not free software.  See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware"> <q>Confusing Words and
+Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary software
+was the most common basis for making money in software.  It seems that
+actually the most common business model was and is development of custom
+software.  That does not offer the possibility of collecting rents, so the
+business has to keep doing real work in order to keep getting income.  The
+custom software business would continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in
+a free software world.  Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid
+programmers would earn less in a free software world.</li>
 </ol>
 
 
@@ -669,7 +685,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Ажурирано:
 
-$Date: 2009/10/30 20:25:35 $
+$Date: 2010/01/13 09:26:32 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
@@ -731,6 +747,8 @@
 <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.sv.html">svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</li>
 <!-- Tamil -->
 <li><a 
href="/gnu/manifesto.ta.html">&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.tr.html">T&#x00fc;rk&#x00e7;e</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li>
 </ul>
 </div>
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