www/gnu rms-lisp.html

[Yavor Doganov]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Yavor Doganov <yavor>   09/08/05 12:34:33

Modified files:
        gnu            : rms-lisp.html 

Log message:
        Move the footnotes into the content div and make them more
        translator-friendly.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/rms-lisp.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23

Patches:
Index: rms-lisp.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/rms-lisp.html,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- rms-lisp.html       28 Apr 2009 13:15:07 -0000      1.22
+++ rms-lisp.html       5 Aug 2009 12:34:29 -0000       1.23
@@ -76,13 +76,13 @@
 looping construct, which was &lt; &gt;. You would put those around
 things and it would loop. There were other cryptic commands that could
 be used to conditionally exit the loop. To make Emacs, we
-<a href="#foot-7">(7)</a> added
-facilities to have subroutines with names. Before that, it was sort of
-like Basic, and the subroutines could only have single letters as
-their names. That was hard to program big programs with, so we added
-code so they could have longer names. Actually, there were some rather
-sophisticated facilities; I think that Lisp got its unwind-protect
-facility from <acronym>TECO</acronym>.</p>
+<a href="#foot-7">(7)</a> added facilities to have subroutines with
+names. Before that, it was sort of like Basic, and the subroutines
+could only have single letters as their names. That was hard to
+program big programs with, so we added code so they could have longer
+names. Actually, there were some rather sophisticated facilities; I
+think that Lisp got its unwind-protect facility
+from <acronym>TECO</acronym>.</p>
 
 <p>We started putting in rather sophisticated facilities, all with the
 ugliest syntax you could ever think of, and it worked &mdash; people were
@@ -94,17 +94,17 @@
 language. In fact, we discovered that the best programming language
 for that purpose was Lisp.</p>
 
-<p>It was Bernie Greenberg, who discovered that it was <a 
href="#foot-5">(5)</a>. He wrote a
-version of Emacs in Multics MacLisp, and he wrote his commands in
-MacLisp in a straightforward fashion. The editor itself was written
-entirely in Lisp. Multics Emacs proved to be a great success &mdash;
-programming new editing commands was so convenient that even the
-secretaries in his office started learning how to use it. They used a
-manual someone had written which showed how to extend Emacs, but
-didn't say it was a programming. So the secretaries, who believed they
-couldn't do programming, weren't scared off. They read the manual,
-discovered they could do useful things and they learned to
-program.</p>
+<p>It was Bernie Greenberg, who discovered that it
+was <a href="#foot-5">(5)</a>.  He wrote a version of Emacs in Multics
+MacLisp, and he wrote his commands in MacLisp in a straightforward
+fashion. The editor itself was written entirely in Lisp. Multics Emacs
+proved to be a great success &mdash; programming new editing commands
+was so convenient that even the secretaries in his office started
+learning how to use it. They used a manual someone had written which
+showed how to extend Emacs, but didn't say it was a programming. So
+the secretaries, who believed they couldn't do programming, weren't
+scared off. They read the manual, discovered they could do useful
+things and they learned to program.</p>
 
 <p>So Bernie saw that an application &mdash; a program that does something
 useful for you &mdash; which has Lisp inside it and which you could extend
@@ -232,10 +232,11 @@
 like.  Greenblatt wanted to start what he called a
 &ldquo;hacker&rdquo; company. This meant it would be a company run by
 hackers and would operate in a way conducive to hackers. Another goal
-was to maintain the AI Lab culture <a href="#foot-1">(1)</a>. Unfortunately, 
Greenblatt didn't
-have any business experience, so other people in the Lisp machine
-group said they doubted whether he could succeed. They thought that
-his plan to avoid outside investment wouldn't work.</p>
+was to maintain the AI Lab culture <a href="#foot-1">(1)</a>.
+Unfortunately, Greenblatt didn't have any business experience, so
+other people in the Lisp machine group said they doubted whether he
+could succeed. They thought that his plan to avoid outside investment
+wouldn't work.</p>
 
 <p>Why did he want to avoid outside investment? Because when a company
 has outside investors, they take control and they don't let you have
@@ -284,12 +285,12 @@
 systems that both companies had licensed. Nobody had envisioned that
 the AI lab's hacker group would be wiped out, but it was.</p>
 
-<p> So Symbolics came up with a plan <a href="#foot-4">(4)</a>. They said to 
the lab,
-&ldquo;We will continue making our changes to the system available for
-you to use, but you can't put it into the <abbr>MIT</abbr> Lisp
-machine system. Instead, we'll give you access to Symbolics' Lisp
-machine system, and you can run it, but that's all you can
-do.&rdquo;</p>
+<p> So Symbolics came up with a plan <a href="#foot-4">(4)</a>.  They
+said to the lab, &ldquo;We will continue making our changes to the
+system available for you to use, but you can't put it into
+the <abbr>MIT</abbr> Lisp machine system. Instead, we'll give you
+access to Symbolics' Lisp machine system, and you can run it, but
+that's all you can do.&rdquo;</p>
 
 <p>This, in effect, meant that they demanded that we had to choose a
 side, and use either the <abbr>MIT</abbr> version of the system or the
@@ -304,24 +305,26 @@
 <p>Up until that point, I hadn't taken the side of either company,
 although it made me miserable to see what had happened to our
 community and the software.  But now, Symbolics had forced the issue.
-So, in an effort to help keep Lisp Machines Inc. going <a 
href="#foot-2">(2)</a> &mdash; I began
-duplicating all of the improvements Symbolics had made to the Lisp
-machine system.  I wrote the equivalent improvements again myself
-(i.e., the code was my own).</p>
-
-<p>After a while <a href="#foot-3">(3)</a>, I came to the conclusion that it 
would be best if I
-didn't even look at their code. When they made a beta announcement
-that gave the release notes, I would see what the features were and
-then implement them. By the time they had a real release, I did
-too.</p>
+So, in an effort to help keep Lisp Machines
+Inc. going <a href="#foot-2">(2)</a> &mdash; I began duplicating all
+of the improvements Symbolics had made to the Lisp machine system.  I
+wrote the equivalent improvements again myself (i.e., the code was my
+own).</p>
+
+<p>After a while <a href="#foot-3">(3)</a>, I came to the conclusion
+that it would be best if I didn't even look at their code. When they
+made a beta announcement that gave the release notes, I would see what
+the features were and then implement them. By the time they had a real
+release, I did too.</p>
 
 <p>In this way, for two years, I prevented them from wiping out Lisp
 Machines Incorporated, and the two companies went on. But, I didn't
 want to spend years and years punishing someone, just thwarting an
 evil deed. I figured they had been punished pretty thoroughly because
 they were stuck with competition that was not leaving or going to
-disappear<a href="#foot-6">(6)</a>. Meanwhile, it was time to start building a 
new community to
-replace the one that their actions and others had wiped out.</p>
+disappear<a href="#foot-6">(6)</a>. Meanwhile, it was time to start
+building a new community to replace the one that their actions and
+others had wiped out.</p>
 
 <p>The Lisp community in the 70s was not limited to
 the <abbr>MIT</abbr> AI Lab, and the hackers were not all
@@ -475,49 +478,50 @@
 Software and Free Society&rdquo;, is on sale and can be purchased at
 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/";>www.gnu.org</a>. Happy hacking!</p>
 
-</div>
-
-<p> <a name="foot-1">(1)</a> Greenblatt's plan, as I understood it, was to 
hire lab people
-part time, so that they could continue working at the AI Lab.
+<ol>
+<li id="foot-1">Greenblatt's plan, as I understood it, was to hire lab
+people part time, so that they could continue working at the AI Lab.
 Symbolics hired them full time instead, so they stopped working at
-MIT. </p>
+MIT.</li>
 
-<p> <a name="foot-2">(2)</a> It was not that I cared particularly about the 
fate of LMI,
-but rather I did not want to let Symbolics gain through its aggression
-against the AI Lab.</p>
+<li id="foot-2">It was not that I cared particularly about the fate of
+LMI, but rather I did not want to let Symbolics gain through its
+aggression against the AI Lab.</li>
 
-<p> <a name="foot-3">(3)</a> This statement has been misconstrued as
-saying that I never, ever looked at Symbolics' code.  Actually it says
-I did.</p>
+<li id="foot-3">This statement has been misconstrued as saying that I
+never, ever looked at Symbolics' code.  Actually it says I did.
 
-<p> The Symbolics source code was available at MIT, where I was
+<p>The Symbolics source code was available at MIT, where I was
 entitled to read it, and at first that's how I found out about their
 changes.  But that meant I had to make extra effort to solve each
 problem differently, in order to avoid copying Symbolics code.  After
 a while, I concluded it was better not to even look.  That way I could
 write code in whatever way was best, without concern for what was in
-Symbolics' code.</p>
+Symbolics' code.</p></li>
 
-<p> <a name="foot-4">(4)</a> The background of this plan, which I did not
-state explicitly in the talk, is that during an initial period the
-ex-AI-Lab hackers, whether at Symbolics or LMI, continued contributing
-their changes to the MIT Lisp Machine system &mdash; even though the
+<li id="foot-4">The background of this plan, which I did not state
+explicitly in the talk, is that during an initial period the ex-AI-Lab
+hackers, whether at Symbolics or LMI, continued contributing their
+changes to the MIT Lisp Machine system &mdash; even though the
 contract did not require this.  Symbolics' plan was to rupture this
-cooperation unilaterally.</p>
+cooperation unilaterally.</li>
 
-<p> <a name="foot-5">(5)</a> Bernie Greenberg says that Dan Weinreb's
+<li id="foot-5">Bernie Greenberg says that Dan Weinreb's
 implementation of Emacs for the Lisp Machine came before Greenberg's
-implementation for Multics.  I apologize for the mistake.</p>
+implementation for Multics.  I apologize for the mistake.</li>
 
-<p> <a name="foot-6">(6)</a> Symbolics at one point protested to MIT that
-my work, by thwarting their plan, had cost Symbolics a million dollars.</p>
+<li id="foot-6">Symbolics at one point protested to MIT that my work,
+by thwarting their plan, had cost Symbolics a million dollars.</li>
 
-<p> <a name="foot-7">(7)</a> Guy Steele designed the original
-symmetrical Emacs command set; then he and I began implementing Emacs
-(on top of TECO), but after one long joint development session, Steele
-began drifting away, so I finished Emacs.  Others particularly
-including Eugene C. Cicciarelli and Mike McMahon contributed
-substantially later on.</p>
+<li id="foot-7">Guy Steele designed the original symmetrical Emacs
+command set; then he and I began implementing Emacs (on top of TECO),
+but after one long joint development session, Steele began drifting
+away, so I finished Emacs.  Others particularly including Eugene
+C. Cicciarelli and Mike McMahon contributed substantially later
+on.</li>
+</ol>
+
+</div>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
 
@@ -525,12 +529,12 @@
 
 <p>
 Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
 There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
 the FSF.
 <br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
 </p>
 
 <p>
@@ -541,9 +545,8 @@
 </p>
 
 <p>
-Copyright &copy; 2003, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+Copyright &copy; 2003, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 </p>
-<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</address>
 <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
 permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
 </p>
@@ -551,7 +554,7 @@
 <p>
 Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2009/04/28 13:15:07 $
+$Date: 2009/08/05 12:34:29 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
@@ -559,27 +562,28 @@
 <div id="translations">
 <h4>Translations of this page</h4>
 
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
-<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is Deutsch.-->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
 <!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
 <!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!--  - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
 <!--  - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
 <!--  - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
 <!--  - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
 <!--  to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
-<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
-<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
 
 <ul class="translations-list">
 <!-- English -->
 <li><a href="/gnu/rms-lisp.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li>
 <!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/rms-lisp.fr.html">Fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/rms-lisp.fr.html">fran&#x00e7;ais</a>&nbsp;[fr]</li>
 </ul>
 </div>
-
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>