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www/gnu/po linux-and-gnu.ar.po
|
From: |
Hossam Hossny |
|
Subject: |
www/gnu/po linux-and-gnu.ar.po |
|
Date: |
Mon, 08 Dec 2008 05:48:22 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Hossam Hossny <mbf> 08/12/08 05:48:22
Added files:
gnu/po : linux-and-gnu.ar.po
Log message:
New Arabic translation
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.ar.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: linux-and-gnu.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: linux-and-gnu.ar.po
diff -N linux-and-gnu.ar.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ linux-and-gnu.ar.po 8 Dec 2008 05:48:19 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+# translation of linux-and-gnu.po to Arabic
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+#
+# OsamaKhalid <address@hidden>, 2008.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: linux-and-gnu\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-08-25 16:25-0300\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-12-08 07:34+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Hossam Hossny <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Arabic\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Generator: KBabel 1.11.4\n"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Linux and GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr "ÙÙÙÙس ÙجÙÙ - Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة (Ø¥Ù‌إس‌Ø¥Ù)"
+
+# type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid "GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free
Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd"
+msgstr "جÙÙ, إ٠إس Ø¥Ù, Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة,
ÙÙÙÙس, Ø¥Ù
اÙس, ج٠س٠سÙ, ÙÙÙÙس, برÙ
جÙات Øرة,
ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ, ÙÙاة جÙÙ, Ùرد, جÙÙ Ùرد, Ùرد"
+
+# type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid "Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so
that computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they
use."
+msgstr "Ù
ÙØ° عاÙ
1983Ø ØªØ·ÙÙر ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙ٠اÙØر
جÙ٠عÙ٠طراز ÙÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙÙÙ
تÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù
اÙØاسÙب ØرÙتÙÙ
ÙÙ Ù
شارÙØ© ÙتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙت٠ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙÙا."
+
+# type: Attribute 'title' of: <link>
+msgid "What's New"
+msgstr "Ù
ا اÙجدÙد"
+
+# type: Attribute 'title' of: <link>
+msgid "New Free Software"
+msgstr "برÙ
جÙات Øرة جدÙدة"
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Linux and the GNU Project"
+msgstr "ÙÙÙÙس ÙÙ
شرÙع جÙÙ"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard
Stallman</a></strong>"
+msgstr "بÙÙÙ
<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
اÙ</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+msgid "For more information see also the <a
href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, and <a
href=\"/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html\">Why GNU/Linux?</a>"
+msgstr "ÙÙÙ
زÙد Ù
٠اÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات راجع Ø£Ùضا <a
href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">أسئÙØ© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس
اÙشائعة</a>Ø Ù<a href=\"/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html\">ÙÙ
اذا
جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙسØ</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Many computer users run a modified version of <a
href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#TheGNUsystem\">the GNU system</a> every day,
without realizing it. Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU
which is widely used today is often called “Linux”, and many of its
users are <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html\"> not aware</a>
that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the <a
href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU Project</a>."
+msgstr "اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
Ù Ù
ستخدÙ
٠اÙØاسÙب ÙشغÙÙÙ
إصدار Ù
عد٠Ù
Ù<a
href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#TheGNUsystem\">ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ</a> ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¯Ù٠استÙعاب Ø°ÙÙ. Ø·Ùا٠دÙرة اÙØ£Øداث
اÙÙرÙØ¯Ø©Ø Ø¥ØµØ¯Ø§Ø± جÙ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
بشÙÙ Ùاسع ÙسÙ
Ù٠عادة ”ÙÙÙÙس“Ø ÙاÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
Ù Ù
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ
<a href=\"/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ar.html\"> غÙر Ù
درÙÙÙ</a>
Ø£ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ Ø£Ø³Ø§Ø³Ø§Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ø·ÙÙر بÙاسطة<a
href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.ar.html\">Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just
a part of the system they use. Linux is the kernel: the program in the system
that allocates the machine's resources to the other programs that you run. The
kernel is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by itself; it
can only function in the context of a complete operating system. Linux is
normally used in combination with the GNU operating system: the whole system is
basically GNU with Linux added, or GNU/Linux. All the so-called
“Linux” distributions are really distributions of GNU/Linux."
+msgstr "ÙÙجد باÙÙع٠ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙÙؤÙاء اÙÙأشخاص
ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙ٠جزء ÙÙØ· Ù
٠اÙÙظاÙ
اÙØ°Ù
ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙÙ. ÙÙÙÙس Ù٠اÙÙÙاة: اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ÙÙ
اÙÙظاÙ
اÙØ°Ù ÙÙزع Ù
Ùارد اÙØ¢ÙØ© عÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج
اÙأخر٠اÙت٠تشغÙÙا. اÙÙÙاة جزء جÙÙر٠Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙا غÙر Ù
ÙÙدة بØد ذاتÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
ÙÙ
أ٠تؤد٠Ù
ÙÙ
تÙا ÙÙØ· Ù٠سÙا٠ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ ÙاÙ
Ù.
ÙÙÙÙس Ù
ستخدÙ
بشÙ٠طبÙع٠Ù٠جÙ
ع ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ
جÙÙ:اÙÙظاÙ
اÙÙاÙ
Ù Ù٠أساسا جÙÙ Ù
ع ÙÙÙÙس Ù
ÙضاÙØ§Ø Ø£Ù Ø¬ÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس. Ù٠اÙتÙزÙعات اÙÙ
سÙ
اة
”ÙÙÙÙس“ ÙÙ Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ© تÙزÙعات
جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Many users do not understand the difference between the kernel, which
is Linux, and the whole system, which they also call “Linux”. The
ambiguous use of the name doesn't help people understand. These users often
think that Linus Torvalds developed the whole operating system in 1991, with a
bit of help."
+msgstr "اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ùا ÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠اÙÙرÙ
بÙ٠اÙÙÙØ§Ø©Ø Ø§Ùت٠ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙÙاÙ
٠اÙÙظاÙ
Ø
اÙØ°Ù ÙسÙ
ÙÙÙ ”ÙÙÙÙس“. اÙاستخداÙ
اÙغاÙ
ض
ÙÙاسÙ
Ùا Ùساعد اÙÙاس Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ
. ÙؤÙاء اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙعتÙدÙ٠عادة Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙس تÙرÙاÙدس Ø·Ùر
ÙاÙ
٠اÙÙظاÙ
Ù٠عاÙ
1991Ø Ø¨Ù
ساعدة ضئÙÙØ©."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Programmers generally know that Linux is a kernel. But since they have
generally heard the whole system called “Linux” as well, they often
envisage a history that would justify naming the whole system after the kernel.
For example, many believe that once Linus Torvalds finished writing Linux, the
kernel, its users looked around for other free software to go with it, and
found that (for no particular reason) most everything necessary to make a
Unix-like system was already available."
+msgstr "اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠عادة ÙعرÙÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙس ÙÙ
اÙÙÙاة. ÙÙ٠بÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙÙ
سÙ
عÙا عÙ
ÙÙ
ا ÙاÙ
٠اÙÙظاÙ
ÙسÙ
Ù ”ÙÙÙÙس“ باÙإضاÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠أÙÙÙ
ÙتصÙرÙ٠عادة تارÙخا Ùبرر تسÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙظاÙ
اÙÙاÙ
٠بعد اÙÙÙاة. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ø§ÙÙØ«Ùر
ÙعتÙدÙ٠أÙÙ ÙØظة Ø¥ÙÙاء ÙÙÙÙس تÙرÙاÙدس Ù
Ù
Ùتابة ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø Ø§ÙÙÙØ§Ø©Ø Ø¨ØØ« Ù
ستخدÙ
ÙÙا ع٠برÙ
جÙات Øرة أخر٠ÙتتÙ
اش٠Ù
عÙØ ÙØ£ÙجدÙا (بدÙÙ
سبب Ù
عÙÙ) Ù
عظÙ
اÙأشÙاء اÙضرÙرÙØ© ÙØ¥Ùشاء ÙظاÙ
شبÙ٠بÙÙÙÙس Ùا٠Ù
ÙجÙدا باÙÙعÙ."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "What they found was no accident—it was the not-quite-complete GNU
system. The available <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a>
added up to a complete system because the GNU Project had been working since
1984 to make one. In the <a href=\"/gnu/manifesto.html\"> The GNU
Manifesto</a> we set forth the goal of developing a free Unix-like system,
called GNU. The <a href=\"/gnu/initial-announcement.html\"> Initial
Announcement</a> of the GNU Project also outlines some of the original plans
for the GNU system. By the time Linux was started, GNU was almost finished."
+msgstr "اÙذ٠اÙتشÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ù
صادÙØ©—Ùا٠ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠غÙر اÙÙ
ÙتÙ
Ù ÙÙÙÙا. <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html\">اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a> اÙÙ
تاØØ© أضÙÙت ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا٠اÙÙظاÙ
ÙØ£Ù Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠عÙ
Ù Ù
ÙØ° 1984 ÙØ¥Ùشاء ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ. ÙÙ <a
href=\"/gnu/manifesto.html\"> بÙا٠جÙÙ</a> عÙÙÙا اÙÙدÙ
اÙبÙÙÙ ÙتطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
شبÙÙ ÙÙÙÙس ØØ±Ø ÙسÙ
٠جÙÙ.
<a href=\"/gnu/initial-announcement.html\">اÙإعÙاÙ
اÙابتدائÙ</a> ÙÙ
شرÙع جÙÙ Ùؤطر بعض اÙخطط
اÙأصÙÙØ© ÙÙظاÙ
جÙÙ. Ù٠اÙÙÙت اÙذ٠بدأ ÙÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø Ø¬ÙÙ Ùا٠تÙرÙبا اÙتÙÙ."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Most free software projects have the goal of developing a particular
program for a particular job. For example, Linus Torvalds set out to write a
Unix-like kernel (Linux); Donald Knuth set out to write a text formatter (TeX);
Bob Scheifler set out to develop a window system (the X Window System). It's
natural to measure the contribution of this kind of project by specific
programs that came from the project."
+msgstr "Ù
عظÙ
Ù
شارÙع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙدÙÙا ÙدÙ
تطÙÙر برÙاÙ
ج Ù
Øدد ÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø© Ù
Øددة. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ ÙÙÙÙس تÙرÙاÙدس بدأ Ùتابة ÙÙاة شبÙÙØ©
ÙÙÙÙس (ÙÙÙÙس)Ø Ø¯ÙÙا٠ÙÙÙØ« بدأ Ùتابة Ù
ÙسÙ
ÙصÙص (تخ)Ø Ø¨Ùب سÙÙÙÙر بدأ تطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙذة
(ÙظاÙ
اÙÙÙÙذة س). Ù
٠اÙطبÙع٠ÙÙاس اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
Ø©
ÙÙذا اÙÙÙع Ù
٠اÙÙ
شارÙع باÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠تأت٠Ù
٠اÙÙ
شرÙع."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "If we tried to measure the GNU Project's contribution in this way, what
would we conclude? One CD-ROM vendor found that in their “Linux
distribution”, <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware\">GNU
software</a> was the largest single contingent, around 28% of the total source
code, and this included some of the essential major components without which
there could be no system. Linux itself was about 3%. (The proportions in 2008
are similar: in the “main” repository of gNewSense, Linux is 1.5%
and GNU packages are 15%.) So if you were going to pick a name for the system
based on who wrote the programs in the system, the most appropriate single
choice would be “GNU”."
+msgstr "إذا ØاÙÙÙا ÙÙاس Ù
ساÙÙ
Ø© Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠بÙØ°Ù
اÙطرÙÙØ©Ø Ù
اذا سÙØØ³Ø¨Ø Ø¨Ø§Ø¦Ø¹ سÙد٠رÙÙ
Ùجد
ÙٔتÙزÙعتÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙس“Ø Ø£Ù <a
href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware\">برÙ
جÙات جÙÙ</a>
ÙاÙت Ø£Ùبر Ù
ÙÙرد Ù
ØتÙ
ÙØ Ùرابة 28% Ù
Ù Ù
جÙ
Ùع
اÙØ´ÙÙرة اÙÙ
صدرÙØ©Ø ÙÙذا ÙتضÙ
٠بعض اÙأجزاء
اÙجÙÙرÙØ© اÙأساسÙØ© بدÙÙÙا Ùا ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠ÙÙجد
اÙÙظاÙ
. ÙÙÙÙس بØد ذات٠3% (اÙÙسب ÙÙ 2008 Ù
Ù
اثÙØ©
Ù٠اÙÙ
ستÙدع ”اÙرئÙس“ ÙجÙ‌ÙÙÙسÙÙسØ
ÙÙÙÙس 1.5% ÙØزÙ
جÙÙ 15%.) Ùذا إذا ÙÙت بصدد أخذ
اسÙ
ÙÙÙظاÙ
Ù
بÙ٠عÙ٠اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙتبÙا اÙبراÙ
ج ÙÙ
اÙÙظاÙ
Ø Ø£Ùثر اسÙ
Ù
ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù٠اختÙار ÙاØد
سÙÙÙÙ ”جÙÙ“."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "But that is not the deepest way to consider the question. The GNU
Project was not, is not, a project to develop specific software packages. It
was not a project <a href=\"/software/gcc/gcc.html\"> to develop a C
compiler</a>, although we did that. It was not a project to develop a text
editor, although we developed one. The GNU Project set out to develop <em>a
complete free Unix-like system</em>: GNU."
+msgstr "ÙÙÙ Ùذا ÙÙس أعÙ
٠سبÙÙ ÙÙ
راعاة اÙسؤاÙ. Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙØ³Ø Ù
شرÙع ÙتطÙÙر ØزÙ
برÙ
جÙات Ù
Øددة. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ù
شرÙعا <a
href=\"/software/gcc/gcc.html\">ÙتطÙÙر Ù
ترجÙ
سÙ</a>Ø Ø¹ÙÙ
اÙرغÙ
Ù
٠أÙÙا ÙعÙÙا Ø°ÙÙ. ÙÙ ÙÙÙ Ù
شرÙعا
ÙتطÙÙر Ù
Øرر ÙصÙØµØ Ø¹Ù٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
٠أÙÙا Ø·ÙرÙا
ÙاØدا. Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠بدأ Ù٠تطÙÙر <em>ÙظاÙ
شبÙÙ
بÙÙÙÙس ÙاÙ
Ù Øر</em>: جÙÙ."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Many people have made major contributions to the free software in the
system, and they all deserve credit for their software. But the reason it is
<em>an integrated system</em>—and not just a collection of useful
programs—is because the GNU Project set out to make it one. We made a
list of the programs needed to make a <em>complete</em> free system, and we
systematically found, wrote, or found people to write everything on the list.
We wrote essential but unexciting <a href=\"#unexciting\">(1)</a> components
because you can't have a system without them. Some of our system components,
the programming tools, became popular on their own among programmers, but we
wrote many components that are not tools <a href=\"#nottools\">(2)</a>. We
even developed a chess game, GNU Chess, because a complete system needs games
too."
+msgstr "اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙاس ساÙÙ
Ùا Ù
ساÙÙ
ات جÙÙرÙØ©
ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù٠اÙÙظاÙ
Ø ÙÙÙÙÙ
ÙستØÙÙÙ
اÙØ´Ùر عÙ٠برÙ
جÙاتÙÙ
. ÙÙ٠سبب <em>اÙÙظاÙ
اÙÙاÙ
Ù</em>—ÙÙÙس Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
٠اÙبراÙ
ج اÙÙ
ÙÙدة
ÙØسب—Ù٠بسبب بدء Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ Ù٠إÙشاء ÙاØد.
Ø£ÙشأÙا ÙائÙ
Ø© باÙبراÙ
ج اÙÙ
ÙØتاجة ÙØ¥Ùشاء
ÙظاÙ
Øر <em>ÙاÙ
Ù</em>Ø ÙÙظÙ
Ùا Ø¥ÙØ¬Ø§Ø¯Ø Ø£Ù ÙتابةØ
أ٠إÙجاد أشخاص ÙÙتابة ÙÙ Ø´ÙØ¡ Ù٠اÙÙائÙ
Ø©.
ÙتبÙا اÙÙ
ÙÙÙات اÙجÙÙرÙØ© ÙÙÙ٠غÙر اÙÙ
ÙÙجة<a
href=\"#unexciting\">(1)</a> ÙØ£ÙÙ Ùا تستطÙع اÙ
تÙا٠ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠بدÙÙÙا. بعض Ù
ÙÙÙات ÙظاÙ
ÙØ§Ø Ø£Ø¯Ùات
اÙبرÙ
Ø¬Ø©Ø Ø£ØµØ¨Øت شعبÙØ© ÙÙ Ùسط Ù
برÙ
جÙÙااÙخاصØ
ÙÙÙÙا ÙتبÙا اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙأجزاء اÙت٠ÙÙست
أدÙات <a href=\"#nottools\">(2)</a>. Ø·ÙرÙا Øت٠Ùعبة
شطرÙØ¬Ø Ø´Ø·Ø±Ùج جÙÙØ Ùأ٠اÙÙظاÙ
اÙÙاÙ
Ù ÙØتاج
Ø£Ùعابا Ø£Ùضا."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "By the early 90s we had put together the whole system aside from the
kernel. We had also started a kernel, the <a
href=\"/software/hurd/hurd.html\">GNU Hurd</a>, which runs on top of Mach.
Developing this kernel has been a lot harder than we expected; <a
href=\"/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html\">the GNU Hurd started working
reliably in 2001</a>, but it is a long way from being ready for people to use
in general."
+msgstr "بØÙÙ٠بداÙØ© اÙتسعÙÙÙات ÙضعÙا Ù
عا
اÙÙظاÙ
اÙÙاÙ
٠بجÙب اÙÙÙاة. بدأÙا Ø£Ùضا ÙÙاةØ
<a href=\"/software/hurd/hurd.html\">جÙÙ Ùرد</a>Ø Ø§Ùت٠تعÙ
Ù
ÙÙÙ Ù
اتش. تطÙÙر Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاة Ùا٠أصعب بÙØ«Ùر Ù
Ù
ا تÙÙعÙØ§Ø <a href=\"/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html\">بدأت
جÙÙ Ùرد اÙعÙ
٠بثÙØ© Ù٠عاÙ
2001</a>Ø ÙÙÙ٠طرÙÙ
Ø·ÙÙÙ ÙتÙÙ٠جاÙزة ÙاستخداÙ
اÙÙاس بشÙ٠عاÙ
."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Fortunately, we didn't have to wait for the Hurd, because of Linux.
Once Torvalds wrote Linux, it fit into the last major gap in the GNU system.
People could then <a
href=\"http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01\";>
combine Linux with with the GNU system</a> to make a complete free system: a
Linux-based version of the GNU system; the GNU/Linux system, for short."
+msgstr "ÙØس٠اÙØØ¸Ø ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠عÙÙÙا اÙتظار ÙردØ
بسبب ÙÙÙÙس. عÙدÙ
ا Ùتب تÙرÙاÙدز ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙائÙ
آخر صدع جÙÙر٠ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ. استطاع اÙÙاس
ÙÙتÙا <a
href=\"http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01\";>
ضÙ
ÙÙÙÙس Ù
ع ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ</a> ÙØ¥Ùشاء ÙظاÙ
Øر ÙاÙ
Ù:
إصدار Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ Ù
بÙ٠عÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙÙاختصار."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Making them work well together was not a trivial job. Some GNU
components<a href=\"#somecomponents\">(3)</a> needed substantial change to work
with Linux. Integrating a complete system as a distribution that would work
“out of the box” was a big job, too. It required addressing the
issue of how to install and boot the system—a problem we had not tackled,
because we hadn't yet reached that point. Thus, the people who developed the
various system distributions did a lot of essential work. But it was work
that, in the nature of things, was surely going to be done by someone."
+msgstr "جعÙÙÙ
ÙعÙ
ÙÙÙ Ù
عا ÙÙ
تÙÙ Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© عادÙØ©. بعض
Ù
ÙÙÙات جÙÙ<a href=\"#somecomponents\">(3)</a> اØتاجت تغÙÙر
ØÙÙÙÙ ÙتعÙ
Ù Ù
ع ÙÙÙÙس. إتÙ
اÙ
ÙظاÙ
ÙاÙ
Ù
ÙتÙزÙعة ستعÙ
Ù ”خارج اÙصÙدÙÙ“ Ùا٠Ù
ÙÙ
Ø©
ÙبÙرة Ø£Ùضا. تطÙبت تÙدÙÙ
Ù
سائ٠ÙÙÙÙØ© تثبÙت
ÙØ¥ÙÙاع اÙÙظاÙ
—اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙت٠ÙÙ
Ùعد ÙÙاØ
ÙØ£ÙÙا ÙÙ
Ùص٠بعد Ùذ٠اÙÙÙطة. ÙØ°ÙÙØ Ø§Ùأشخاص
اÙØ°ÙÙ Ø·ÙرÙا تÙزÙعات اÙÙظاÙ
اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© أدÙا
اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙعÙ
٠اÙجÙÙرÙØ ÙÙÙÙ Ùا٠اÙعÙ
Ù
اÙØ°ÙØ Ù٠اÙØ£ØÙا٠اÙطبÙعÙØ©Ø Ø³Ùؤد٠ع٠طرÙÙ
Ø£ØدÙÙ
."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "The GNU Project supports GNU/Linux systems as well as <em>the</em> GNU
system. The <a href=\"http://fsf.org/\";>FSF</a> funded the rewriting of the
Linux-related extensions to the GNU C library, so that now they are well
integrated, and the newest GNU/Linux systems use the current library release
with no changes. The FSF also funded an early stage of the development of
Debian GNU/Linux."
+msgstr "Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ ÙدعÙ
Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس Ù
Ø«Ù
<em>اÙÙظاÙ
</em> جÙÙ. <a
href=\"http://fsf.org/\";>Ø¥Ù‌إس‌Ø¥Ù</a> أسست إعادة
Ùتابة اÙاÙ
تدادات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© بÙÙÙÙس ÙÙ
Ùتبة
جÙ٠سÙ. Ùذا Ù٠اÙØ¢Ù Ù
ÙØدة بشÙ٠جÙØ¯Ø ÙØ£Øدث
Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس تستخدÙ
إصدار اÙÙ
Ùتبة
اÙØاÙ٠بدÙ٠تغÙÙرات. أسست Ø¥Ù‌إس‌Ø¥Ù
Ø£Ùضا Ù
Ø³Ø±Ø Ù
بÙر ÙتطÙÙر دبÙا٠جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Today there are many different variants of the GNU/Linux system (often
called “distros”). Most of them include non-free
software—their developers follow the philosophy associated with Linux
rather than that of GNU. But there are also <a
href=\"/links/links.html#FreeGNULinuxDistributions\"> completely free GNU/Linux
distros</a>. The FSF supports computer facilities for two of these
distributions, <a href=\"http://ututo.org\";>Ututo</a> and <a
href=\"http://gnewsense.org/\";>gNewSense</a>."
+msgstr "اÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙجد تÙÙÙعات ÙØ«Ùرة Ù
ختÙÙØ© Ù
Ù
ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس (تسÙ
٠عادة ”تÙزÙعات“). Ù
عظÙ
Ùا تØتÙ٠برÙ
جÙات غÙر Øرة—Ù
Ø·ÙرÙÙا
ÙتبعÙ٠اÙÙÙسÙØ© اÙÙ
صاØبة ÙÙÙÙÙس بدÙا Ù
٠تÙÙ
اÙت٠ÙجÙÙ. ÙÙ٠تÙجد Ø£Ùضا <a
href=\"/links/links.html#FreeGNULinuxDistributions\"> تÙزÙعات
جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس Øرة باÙÙاÙ
Ù</a>. Ø¥Ù‌إس‌إ٠تدعÙ
تسÙÙÙات اÙØاسب ÙاثÙتÙÙ Ù
Ù Ùذ٠اÙتÙزÙعات. <a
href=\"http://ututo.org\";>أتÙتÙ</a> Ù<a
href=\"http://gnewsense.org/\";>جÙ‌ÙÙÙسÙÙس</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Making a free GNU/Linux distribution is not just a matter of
eliminating various non-free programs. Nowadays, the usual version of Linux
contains non-free programs too. These programs are intended to be loaded into
I/O devices when the system starts, and they are included, as long series of
numbers, in the \"source code\" of Linux. Thus, maintaining free GNU/Linux
distributions now entails maintaining a <a
href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux\";> free version of Linux</a> too."
+msgstr "Ø¥Ùجاد تÙزÙعة جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس Øرة Ùا ÙعÙÙ ÙÙØ·
Ø¥Ùصاء براÙ
ج غÙر Øرة عدÙدة. اÙØ¢ÙØ Ø§Ùإصدار
اÙاعتÙاد٠Ù
Ù ÙÙÙÙس ÙتضÙ
٠براÙ
ج غÙر Øرة
Ø£Ùضا. Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ù
ÙتعÙ
د تØÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø¥Ù٠أجÙزة
اÙإدخاÙ/ÙاÙإخراج عÙدÙ
ت Ùبدأ اÙÙظاÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ Ù
ضÙ
ÙØ©Ø Ø¨Ø·Ù٠سÙسÙØ© أرÙاÙ
ÙÙ \"اÙØ´ÙÙرة اÙÙ
صدرÙØ©\"
ÙÙÙÙÙس. ÙØ°ÙÙØ Ø§ÙإبÙاء عÙ٠تÙزÙعة جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس
Øرة ÙستÙزÙ
اÙآ٠إبÙاء <a
href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux\";> إصدار ÙÙÙÙس Øر</a>
Ø£Ùضا."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Whether you use GNU/Linux or not, please don't confuse the public by
using the name “Linux” ambiguously. Linux is the kernel, one of
the essential major components of the system. The system as a whole is
basically the GNU system, with Linux added. When you're talking about this
combination, please call it “GNU/Linux”."
+msgstr "سÙاء٠ÙÙت تستخدÙ
جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس Ø£Ù ÙØ§Ø Ù
Ù
ÙضÙÙ Ùا تشتت اÙعاÙ
Ø© باستخداÙ
اÙاسÙ
”ÙÙÙÙس“ بشÙÙ Ù
بÙÙ
. ÙÙÙÙس Ù٠اÙÙÙاةØ
ÙاØد Ù
Ù Ù
ÙÙÙات اÙÙظاÙ
اÙأساسÙØ© اÙجÙÙرÙØ©.
اÙÙظاÙ
ÙÙ٠أساسا ÙظاÙ
جÙÙØ Ù
ع إضاÙØ© ÙÙÙÙس.
عÙدÙ
ا تتØدث ع٠Ùذا اÙدÙ
Ø¬Ø Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠سÙ
Ù
”جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس“."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "If you want to make a link on “GNU/Linux” for further
reference, this page and <a href=\"/gnu/the-gnu-project.html\">
http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html</a> are good choices. If you
mention Linux, the kernel, and want to add a link for further reference, <a
href=\"http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux\";>
http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux</a> is a good URL to use."
+msgstr "إذا أردت Ø¥Ùشاء ÙصÙØ© عÙÙ
”جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس“ ÙÙÙ
رجع اÙخارجÙØ ÙØ°Ù
اÙصÙØØ© Ù<a href=\"/gnu/the-gnu-project.html\">
http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html</a> Ø®ÙارÙ٠جÙدÙÙ. إذا
ÙÙت تعÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø Ø§ÙÙÙØ§Ø©Ø Ùأردت إضاÙØ© ÙصÙØ©
ÙÙÙ
رجع اÙخارجÙØ <a
href=\"http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux\";>
http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux</a> Ù
سار جÙد
ÙÙاستخداÙ
."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Addendum: Aside from GNU, one other project has independently produced
a free Unix-like operating system. This system is known as BSD, and it was
developed at UC Berkeley. It was non-free in the 80s, but became free in the
early 90s. A free operating system that exists today<a
href=\"#newersystems\">(4)</a> is almost certainly either a variant of the GNU
system, or a kind of BSD system."
+msgstr "إضاÙØ©: بجاÙب جÙÙØ Ù
شرÙع آخر Ø£Ùتج بشÙÙ Ù
ستÙÙ ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠شبÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙس Øر. Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
Ùعر٠باسÙ
بÙ‌إس‌دÙØ ÙØ·ÙÙر ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
بÙرÙÙÙÙ. Ùا٠غÙر Øر Ù٠اÙØ«Ù
اÙÙÙÙØ§ØªØ ÙÙÙÙ
Ø£ØµØ¨Ø Øرا Ù٠بداÙØ© اÙتسعÙÙÙات. ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙÙ
اÙÙ
ÙجÙد اÙÙÙÙ
<a href=\"#newersystems\">(4)</a> Ùعتبر
غاÙبا سÙاء٠تÙÙÙعة Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙØ Ø£Ù ÙÙع Ù
Ù
ÙظاÙ
بÙ‌إس‌دÙ."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "People sometimes ask whether BSD too is a version of GNU, like
GNU/Linux. The BSD developers were inspired to make their code free software
by the example of the GNU Project, and explicit appeals from GNU activists
helped persuade them, but the code had little overlap with GNU. BSD systems
today use some GNU programs, just as the GNU system and its variants use some
BSD programs; however, taken as wholes, they are two different systems that
evolved separately. The BSD developers did not write a kernel and add it to
the GNU system, and a name like GNU/BSD would not fit the situation.<a
href=\"#gnubsd\">(5)</a>"
+msgstr "اÙÙاس ÙسأÙÙ٠أØÙاÙا Ù٠إذا ÙاÙ
بÙ‌إس‌د٠أÙضا إصدار Ù
٠جÙÙØ Ù
Ø«Ù
جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس. Ù
Ø·Ùر٠بÙ‌إس‌د٠ÙاÙÙا Ù
ÙÙÙ
Ù٠بإÙشاء Ø´ÙÙرتÙÙ
Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة عÙÙ
سبÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ ÙÙ
٠اÙÙØ§Ø¶Ø Ø£Ù Ø§ÙتÙ
اسات Ù
Ù Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠ساعدت ÙÙ ØØ«ÙÙ
Ø ÙÙ٠اÙØ´ÙÙرة اÙ
تدت
ÙÙÙÙا Ù
ع جÙÙ. Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© بÙ‌إس‌د٠اÙÙÙÙ
تستخدÙ
بعض براÙ
ج جÙÙØ ÙÙÙØ· Ù
Ø«Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ
ÙتÙÙÙعات٠تستخدÙ
بعض براÙ
ج بÙ‌إس‌دÙØ
ÙÙ٠بأخذÙا ÙÙÙØ ÙÙ
ا ÙظاÙ
٠تشغÙÙ Ù
ختÙÙÙÙ
Ø·ÙÙرا بشÙÙ Ù
ÙÙصÙ. Ù
Ø·Ùر بÙ‌إس‌د٠ÙÙ
ÙÙÙبÙا ÙÙاة ÙÙضÙÙÙÙا Ø¥ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙØ ÙاسÙ
جÙÙ/بÙ‌إس‌د٠ÙÙ ÙÙائÙ
اÙØاÙØ©.<a
href=\"#gnubsd\">(5)</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Notes:"
+msgstr "Ù
ÙاØظات:"
+
+# type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid "<a id=\"unexciting\"></a>These unexciting but essential components
include the GNU assembler, GAS and the linker, GLD, both are now part of the <a
href=\"/software/binutils/\">GNU Binutils</a> package, <a
href=\"/software/tar/\">GNU tar</a>, and more."
+msgstr "<a id=\"unexciting\"></a>Ùذ٠غÙر Ù
ÙÙجة ÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙات
جÙÙرÙØ© تتضÙ
Ù Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع جÙÙØ Ø¬Ø§Ø² ÙاÙرابط جÙبØ
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙآ٠جزء Ù
Ù ØزÙ
Ø© <a href=\"/software/binutils/\">جÙÙ
بÙÙÙتÙس</a>Ø Ù<a href=\"/software/tar/\">جÙ٠تار</a>Ø ÙاÙÙ
زÙد."
+
+# type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid "<a id=\"nottools\"></a>For instance, The Bourne Again SHell (BASH), the
PostScript interpreter <a
href=\"/software/ghostscript/ghostscript.html\">Ghostscript</a>, and the <a
href=\"/software/libc/libc.html\">GNU C library</a> are not programming tools.
Neither are GNUCash, GNOME, and GNU Chess."
+msgstr "<a id=\"nottools\"></a>ÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ø¨Ùر٠أغÙÙ Ø´Ù
(بÙ‌Ø¥Ù‌إس‌إتش)Ø ÙÙ
Ùسر
بÙست‌ستÙربت <a
href=\"/software/ghostscript/ghostscript.html\">غÙستسÙربت</a> Ù<a
href=\"/software/libc/libc.html\">Ù
Ùتبة جÙ٠سÙ</a> ÙÙسÙا
أدÙات برÙ
جة. ÙÙس جÙÙÙØ§Ø´Ø ÙجÙÙÙ
Ø ÙشطرÙج جÙÙ."
+
+# type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid "<a id=\"somecomponents\"></a>For instance, the <a
href=\"/software/libc/libc.html\">GNU C library</a>."
+msgstr "<a id=\"somecomponents\"></a>ÙÙ
ثاÙØ <a
href=\"/software/libc/libc.html\">Ù
Ùتبة جÙ٠سÙ</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid "<a id=\"newersystems\"></a>Since that was written, a nearly-all-free
Windows-like system has been developed, but technically it is not at all like
GNU or Unix, so it doesn't really affect this issue. Most of the kernel of
Solaris has been made free, but if you wanted to make a free system out of
that, aside from replacing the missing parts of the kernel, you would also need
to put it into GNU or BSD."
+msgstr "<a id=\"newersystems\"></a>بÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙا ÙÙØªØ¨ØªØ ÙظاÙ
أشب٠بÙÙÙدÙز Øر باÙÙاÙ
Ù Ø·ÙÙØ±Ø ÙÙ٠عÙ
ÙÙا ÙÙس
عÙÙ Ù٠اÙØ£ØÙا٠شبÙ٠جÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø Ùذا Ùا
ÙÙؤثر Ù٠اÙÙضÙØ©. Ù
عظÙ
ÙÙاة سÙÙارس جÙعÙت
ØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ٠إذا أردت Ø¥Ùجاد ÙظاÙ
Øر بجÙ
ع Ø°ÙÙØ
بجاÙب استبدا٠اÙأجزاء اÙÙاÙصة Ù٠اÙÙÙاةØ
سÙ٠تØتاج إضاÙتÙا Ø¥Ù٠جÙ٠أ٠بÙ‌إس‌دÙ."
+
+# type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid "<a id=\"gnubsd\"></a>On the other hand, in the years since this article
was written, the GNU C Library has been ported to the FreeBSD kernel, which
made it possible to combine the GNU system with that kernel. Just as with
GNU/Linux, these are indeed variants of GNU, and are therefore called
GNU/kFreeBSD and GNU/kNetBSD depending on the kernel of the system. Ordinary
users on typical desktops can hardly distinguish between GNU/Linux and
GNU/*BSD."
+msgstr "<a id=\"gnubsd\"></a>Ù٠اÙجاÙب اÙØ¢Ø®Ø±Ø ÙÙ
اÙسÙÙات Ù
ÙØ° Ùتب Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ Ù
Ùتبة جÙ٠سÙ
أضÙÙت Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÙاة ÙرÙ‌بÙ‌إس‌دÙØ ÙاÙتÙ
جعÙت Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ù
Ù٠ضÙ
ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ Ù
ع Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاة.
ÙÙØ· Ù
ث٠جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙØ°Ù ØتÙ
ا تÙزÙعات جÙÙØ
ÙتسÙ
Ù ÙØ°Ù٠جÙÙ/ÙÙ‌ÙرÙ‌بÙ‌إس‌دÙ
ÙجÙÙ/ÙÙ‌Ùت‌بÙ‌إس‌د٠بÙاء٠عÙÙ
ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
. اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙاعتÙادÙÙ٠عÙÙ
Ø£Ø³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ùتب اÙÙÙ
Ø·ÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
بصعÙبة اÙتÙرÙÙ
بÙ٠جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس ÙجÙÙ/*بÙ‌إس‌دÙ."
+
+# type: Content of: <div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr "Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠ÙØ¥Ù‌إس‌Ø¥Ù
ÙÙاستÙسارات جÙÙ Ù<a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. ÙÙجد Ø£Ùضا <a
href=\"/contact/\">طر٠أخر٠ÙÙاتصاÙ</a>
باÙØ¥Ù‌إس‌Ø¥Ù. <br /> Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠اÙÙصÙات
اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Please see the <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr "Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠راجع <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">ترجÙ
ات
اÙرأÙÙ</a> ÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات ØÙ٠تÙسÙÙ ÙتسÙÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات
Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ©."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007 Richard M.
Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr "ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر © 1997Ø 1998Ø 1999Ø 2000Ø 2001Ø 2002Ø
2007 رÙتشارد Ø¥Ù
. ستاÙÙ
ا٠<br /> اÙÙسخ ÙاÙتÙزÙع
اÙØرÙÙ ÙÙ
دخÙØ© اÙÙ
Ùا٠Ù
Ùجازة ÙÙ Ù٠أÙØاء
اÙعاÙÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¯Ù٠أرباØØ Ù٠أ٠ÙسÙØ·Ø Ù
ع Ùضع ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙ
ÙاØظة Ù٠عÙ٠اÙاعتبار."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr "تÙ
ت اÙترجÙ
Ø© بÙاسطة <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>أساÙ
Ø© خاÙد</em></a><br />.ÙرÙÙ
اÙترجÙ
Ø© اÙعربÙØ© بإشرا٠<a
href=\"http://www.cruised.net/\";><em>ØساÙ
ØسÙÙ</em></a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. timestamp start
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "ØÙدÙثت:"
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr "ترجÙ
ات Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ©"
+
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