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www/philosophy right-to-read.html
|
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy right-to-read.html |
|
Date: |
Mon, 11 Jun 2007 16:12:56 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 07/06/11 16:12:56
Modified files:
philosophy : right-to-read.html
Log message:
Templated.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/right-to-read.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
Patches:
Index: right-to-read.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/right-to-read.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- right-to-read.html 8 Jun 2007 09:35:42 -0000 1.26
+++ right-to-read.html 11 Jun 2007 16:12:49 -0000 1.27
@@ -1,83 +1,46 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en">
-
-<head>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
<title>The Right to Read - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content='text/html; charset=utf-8' />
-<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gnu.css" />
-<link rev="made" href="mailto:address@hidden"; />
-</head>
-
-<!-- This document is in XML, and xhtml 1.0 -->
-<!-- Please make sure to properly nest your tags -->
-<!-- and ensure that your final document validates -->
-<!-- consistent with W3C xhtml 1.0 and CSS standards -->
-<!-- See validator.w3.org -->
-
-<body>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>The Right to Read</h2>
-<p><a href="#translations">Translations</a> of this page</p>
-
-<h3>The Right to Read</h3>
<p>
by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
<p>
-<a href="/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html"><img
src="/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg"
- alt=" [image of a Philosophical Gnu] "
- width="160" height="200" /></a>
-</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<h4>Table of Contents</h4>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html#AuthorsNote"
- id="TOCAuthorsNote">Author's Note</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html#References"
- id="TOCReferences">References</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html#OtherTexts"
- id="TOCOtherTexts">Other Texts to Read</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p>
-<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue of <strong>Communications
of the
-ACM</strong> (Volume 40, Number 2).</em></p>
+<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue
+of <strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Volume 40, Number
+2).</em></p>
<blockquote><p>
- (from "The Road To Tycho", a collection of articles
- about the antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution,
- published in Luna City in 2096)
+ (from “The Road To Tycho”, a collection of
+ articles about the antecedents of the Lunarian
+ Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096)
</p></blockquote>
<p>
-For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college--when Lissa Lenz
-asked to borrow his computer. Hers had broken down, and unless she
-could borrow another, she would fail her midterm project. There was
-no one she dared ask, except Dan.</p>
-
-<p>
-This put Dan in a dilemma. He had to help her--but if he lent her his
-computer, she might read his books. Aside from the fact that you
-could go to prison for many years for letting someone else read your
-books, the very idea shocked him at first. Like everyone, he had been
-taught since elementary school that sharing books was nasty and
-wrong--something that only pirates would do.</p>
-
-<p>
-And there wasn't much chance that the SPA--the Software Protection
-Authority--would fail to catch him. In his software class, Dan had
-learned that each book had a copyright monitor that reported when and
-where it was read, and by whom, to Central Licensing. (They used this
-information to catch reading pirates, but also to sell personal
-interest profiles to retailers.) The next time his computer was
-networked, Central Licensing would find out. He, as computer owner,
-would receive the harshest punishment--for not taking pains to prevent
-the crime.</p>
+For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college—when Lissa
+Lenz asked to borrow his computer. Hers had broken down, and unless
+she could borrow another, she would fail her midterm project. There
+was no one she dared ask, except Dan.</p>
+
+<p>
+This put Dan in a dilemma. He had to help her—but if he lent
+her his computer, she might read his books. Aside from the fact that
+you could go to prison for many years for letting someone else read
+your books, the very idea shocked him at first. Like everyone, he had
+been taught since elementary school that sharing books was nasty and
+wrong—something that only pirates would do.</p>
+
+<p>
+And there wasn't much chance that the SPA—the Software
+Protection Authority—would fail to catch him. In his software
+class, Dan had learned that each book had a copyright monitor that
+reported when and where it was read, and by whom, to Central
+Licensing. (They used this information to catch reading pirates, but
+also to sell personal interest profiles to retailers.) The next time
+his computer was networked, Central Licensing would find out. He, as
+computer owner, would receive the harshest punishment—for not
+taking pains to prevent the crime.</p>
<p>
Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books. She
@@ -129,9 +92,10 @@
modified system kernel. Dan would eventually find out about the free
kernels, even entire free operating systems, that had existed around
the turn of the century. But not only were they illegal, like
-debuggers--you could not install one if you had one, without knowing
-your computer's root password. And neither the FBI nor Microsoft
-Support would tell you that.</p>
+debuggers—you could not install one if you had one, without
+knowing your computer's root password. And neither
+the <abbr title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</abbr> nor
+Microsoft Support would tell you that.</p>
<p>
Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer. But he
@@ -140,11 +104,12 @@
for help, that could mean she loved him too.</p>
<p>
-Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more unthinkable--he
-lent her the computer, and told her his password. This way, if Lissa
-read his books, Central Licensing would think he was reading them. It
-was still a crime, but the SPA would not automatically find out about
-it. They would only find out if Lissa reported him.</p>
+Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more
+unthinkable—he lent her the computer, and told her his password.
+This way, if Lissa read his books, Central Licensing would think he
+was reading them. It was still a crime, but the SPA would not
+automatically find out about it. They would only find out if Lissa
+reported him.</p>
<p>
Of course, if the school ever found out that he had given Lissa his
@@ -152,14 +117,14 @@
regardless of what she had used it for. School policy was that any
interference with their means of monitoring students' computer use was
grounds for disciplinary action. It didn't matter whether you did
-anything harmful--the offense was making it hard for the
+anything harmful—the offense was making it hard for the
administrators to check on you. They assumed this meant you were
doing something else forbidden, and they did not need to know what it
was.</p>
<p>
-Students were not usually expelled for this--not directly. Instead
-they were banned from the school computer systems, and would
+Students were not usually expelled for this—not directly.
+Instead they were banned from the school computer systems, and would
inevitably fail all their classes.</p>
<p>
@@ -180,8 +145,7 @@
universal right to read soon became one of its central aims.</p>
-<h4><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html#TOCAuthorsNote"
- id="AuthorsNote">Author's Note</a></h4>
+<h3 id="AuthorsNote">Author's Note</h3>
<p>This note was updated in 2007.</p>
@@ -197,19 +161,20 @@
<p>
One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.
-This is the idea that the FBI and Microsoft will keep the root
-passwords for your personal computers, and not let you have them.</p>
+This is the idea that the <abbr>FBI</abbr> and Microsoft will keep the
+root passwords for your personal computers, and not let you have
+them.</p>
<p>
-The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as "trusted
-computing" and "palladium". We call
-it <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html"> "treacherous
-computing"</a>, because the effect is to make your computer obey
+The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as
+“trusted computing” and “palladium”. We call
+it <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“treacherous
+computing”</a>, because the effect is to make your computer obey
companies instead of you. This was implemented in 2007 as part
of <a href="http://badvista.org/";>Windows Vista</a>; we expect Apple
to do something similar. In this scheme, it is the manufacturer that
-keeps the secret code, but the FBI would have little trouble getting
-it.
+keeps the secret code, but the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would have little
+trouble getting it.
</p>
<p>
@@ -232,8 +197,8 @@
shows a long-term trend: computer systems are increasingly set up to
give absentees with clout control over the people actually using the
computer system. The SSSCA was later renamed to the unpronouncable
-CBDTPA, which was glossed as the "Consume But Don't Try Programming
-Act".
+CBDTPA, which was glossed as the “Consume But Don't Try
+Programming Act”.
</p>
<p>
@@ -245,19 +210,21 @@
<p>
In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of
the Americas treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in
-the Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one of the so-called "free trade"
-treaties, which are actually designed to give business increased power
-over democratic governments; imposing laws like the DMCA is typical of
-this spirit. The FTAA was effectively killed by Lula, President of
-Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and others.</p>
+the Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one of the so-called “free
+trade” treaties, which are actually designed to give business
+increased power over democratic governments; imposing laws like the
+DMCA is typical of this spirit. The FTAA was effectively killed by
+Lula, President of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and
+others.</p>
<p>
Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such
-as Australia and Mexico through bilateral "free trade" agreements, and
-on countries such as Costa Rica through CAFTA. Ecuador's President
-Correa refused to sign the "free trade" agreement, but Ecuador had
-adopted something like the DMCA in 2003. Ecuador's new constitution
-may provide an opportunity to get rid of it.</p>
+as Australia and Mexico through bilateral “free trade”
+agreements, and on countries such as Costa Rica through CAFTA.
+Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign the “free
+trade” agreement, but Ecuador had adopted something like the
+DMCA in 2003. Ecuador's new constitution may provide an opportunity
+to get rid of it.</p>
<p>
The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publisher's Association,
@@ -283,7 +250,7 @@
message when you log in (quotation marks are in the original):</p>
<blockquote><p>
-"This system is for the use of authorized users only. Individuals using
+This system is for the use of authorized users only. Individuals using
this computer system without authority or in the excess of their authority
are subject to having all their activities on this system monitored and
recorded by system personnel. In the course of monitoring individuals
@@ -292,23 +259,20 @@
system expressly consents to such monitoring and is advised that if such
monitoring reveals possible evidence of illegal activity or violation of
University regulations system personnel may provide the evidence of such
-monitoring to University authorities and/or law enforcement officials."
+monitoring to University authorities and/or law enforcement officials.
</p></blockquote>
<p>
This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most
everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it.</p>
-<hr />
-
-<h4><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html#TOCReferences"
- id="References">References</a></h4>
+<h3 id="References">References</h3>
<ul>
- <li>The administration's "White Paper": Information Infrastructure Task
- Force, Intellectual Property and the National Information
- Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on Intellectual
- Property Rights (1995).</li>
+ <li>The administration's “White Paper”: Information
+ Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property and the
+ National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working
+ Group on Intellectual Property Rights (1995).</li>
<li><a href="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html";>An
explanation of the White Paper:
@@ -317,73 +281,70 @@
<li><a href="http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm";>Sold Out</a>,
James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996</li>
- <li>Public Data or Private Data, Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. We used to
have a link to this, but Washinton Post has decided to start charging users who
wishes to read articles on the web site and therefore we have decided to remove
the link.</li>
+ <li>Public Data or Private Data, Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. We
+ used to have a link to this, but Washinton Post has decided to
+ start charging users who wishes to read articles on the web site
+ and therefore we have decided to remove the link.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.public-domain.org/";>Union for the Public
- Domain</a>--an organization which aims to resist and reverse
- the overextension of copyright and patent powers.</li>
+ Domain</a>—an organization which aims to resist and
+ reverse the overextension of copyright and patent powers.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
-<h4>This essay is published in <a href="/doc/book13.html"><cite>Free Software,
Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+<h4>This essay is published in <a href="/doc/book13.html"><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
M. Stallman</cite></a>.</h4>
-<h4><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html#TOCOtherTexts"
- id="OtherTexts">Other Texts to Read</a></h4>
+<p><strong>Other Texts to Read</strong></p>
<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Philosophy of the GNU
Project</a></li>
- <li><a
href="http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/management/opinion/story/0,10801,49358,00.html";
id="COPYPROCTECTION">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Philosophy of the
+ GNU Project</a></li>
+
<li><ahref="http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/management/opinion/story/0,10801,49358,00.html";
+ id="COPYPROCTECTION">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>,
Published in Computer World.</li>
</ul>
-<hr />
-
<p>
-The <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html#AuthorsNote">author's
-note</a> talks about the battle for the right to read and electronic
-surveillance. The battle is beginning now; here are links to two
-articles about technologies now being
-developed to deny you the right to read.</p>
+The <a href="#AuthorsNote">author's note</a> talks about the battle
+for the right to read and electronic surveillance. The battle is
+beginning now; here are links to two articles about technologies now
+being developed to deny you the right to read.</p>
<ul>
<li><a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/news/0,4586,2324939,00.html";>Electronic
Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of books in
- electronic form, and copyright issues affecting the right to read a
copy.</li>
+ electronic form, and copyright issues affecting the right to read
+ a copy.</li>
<li><a
href="http://channels.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.asp";>Books
inside Computers:</a> Software to control who can read
books and documents on a PC.</li>
</ul>
-<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
-<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
-<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+</div>
-<div class="copyright">
-<p>
-Return to the <a href="/home.html">GNU Project home page</a>.
-</p>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
<p>
Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-There are also <a href="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to contact</a>
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
the FSF.
<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
</p>
<p>
Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations">Translations
README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
translations of this article.
</p>
<p>
-Copyright 1996 Richard Stallman
+Copyright © 1996 Richard Stallman
<br />
Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
@@ -393,48 +354,63 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2007/06/08 09:35:42 $ $Author: rms $
+$Date: 2007/06/11 16:12:49 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<div class="translations">
-<p><a id="translations"></a>
-<b>Translations of this page</b>:<br />
-
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
-<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
-<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
-<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>Translations of this page</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
-<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
-
-[
-<!-- Bulgarian --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.bg.html">bg</a> |
-<!-- Czech --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.cs.html">cs</a> |
-<!-- German --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.de.html">de</a> |
-<!-- English --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">en</a> |
-<!-- Spanish --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.es.html">es</a> |
-<!-- Finnish --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.fi.html">fi</a> |
-<!-- French --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.fr.html">fr</a> |
-<!-- Hebrew --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.he.html">he</a> |
-<!-- Japanese --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ja.html">ja</a> |
-<!-- Korean --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ko.html">ko</a> |
-<!-- Hungarian --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.hu.html">hu</a> |
-<!-- Polish --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.pl.html">pl</a> |
-<!-- Portuguese --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.pt.html">pt</a> |
-<!-- Russian --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ru.html">ru</a> |
-<!-- Slovenian --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.sl.html">sl</a> |
-<!-- Swedish --> <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.sv.html">sv</a>
-]
-</p>
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right, cf. -->
+<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<!-- Czech -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- Finnish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.fi.html">Suomi</a> [fi]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<!-- Hungarian -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.hu.html">Magyar</a> [hu]</li>
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<!-- Korean -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.pl.html">Polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Portuguese -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.pt.html">Português</a> [pt]</li>
+<!-- Russian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ru.html">Русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<!-- Slovenian -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.sl.html">Slovensko</a> [sl]</li>
+<!-- Swedish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.sv.html">Svenska</a> [sv]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
</div>
-
</body>
</html>