Re: [Qemu-devel] [RFC] Proposed qcow2 extension: subcluster allocation

[Alberto Garcia]

On Thu 13 Apr 2017 03:51:55 PM CEST, Kevin Wolf wrote:
>> This invariant is already broken by the very design of the qcow2
>> format, subclusters don't really add anything new there. For any
>> given cluster size you can write 4k in every odd cluster, then do the
>> same in every even cluster, and you'll get an equally fragmented
>> image.
>
> Because this scenario has appeared repeatedly in this thread: Can we
> please use a more realistic one that shows an actual problem? Because
> with 8k or more for the cluster size you don't get any qcow2
> fragmentation with 4k even/odd writes (which is a pathological case
> anyway), and the file systems are clever enough to cope with it, too.
>
> Just to confirm this experimentally, I ran this short script:
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------
> #!/bin/bash
> ./qemu-img create -f qcow2 /tmp/test.qcow2 64M
>
> echo even blocks
> for i in $(seq 0 32767); do echo "write $((i * 8))k 4k"; done | ./qemu-io 
> /tmp/test.qcow2 > /dev/null
> echo odd blocks
> for i in $(seq 0 32767); do echo "write $((i * 8 + 4))k 4k"; done | ./qemu-io 
> /tmp/test.qcow2 > /dev/null
>
> ./qemu-img map /tmp/test.qcow2
> filefrag -v /tmp/test.qcow2
> ----------------------------------------------------------------

But that's because while you're writing on every other 4k block the
cluster size is 64k, so you're effectively allocating clusters in
sequential order. That's why you get this:

> Offset          Length          Mapped to       File
> 0               0x4000000       0x50000         /tmp/test.qcow2

You would need to either have 4k clusters, or space writes even more.

Here's a simpler example, mkfs.ext4 on an empty drive gets you something
like this:

----------------------------------------------------------------
Offset          Length          Mapped to       File
[...]
0x1040000       0x10000         0x150000        test.qcow2
0x1050000       0x50000         0x100000        test.qcow2
0x10a0000       0x10000         0x190000        test.qcow2
0x10b0000       0x30000         0x160000        test.qcow2
0x10e0000       0x10000         0x200000        test.qcow2
0x10f0000       0x30000         0x1a0000        test.qcow2
0x1120000       0x10000         0x210000        test.qcow2
0x1130000       0x30000         0x1d0000        test.qcow2
0x1160000       0x10000         0x280000        test.qcow2
0x1170000       0x30000         0x220000        test.qcow2
[...]
----------------------------------------------------------------

Now, I haven't measured the effect of this on I/O performance, but
Denis's point seems in principle valid to me.

Berto