Re: [Discuss-gnuradio] installation error

[Brian Padalino]

On Tue, Jul 13, 2010 at 9:26 AM, Asad Mahmood <address@hidden> wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Am new to the community. Have installed all the dependencies on Fedora Core
> 7 but when i do ./configure in the gnuradio directory i get the error -
> "following components will not be installed including gnuradio-core"...i
> wonder what might be the prob.

I didn't really see an "error" show up here.  In fact, you're the only
one who mentions an error.

Now, lets grep through the list.  The first one seems to be:

    Not building component gnuradio-core.

Well that seems a little strange.  I wonder what the reason may be.
Oh - the line above!

    gnuradio-core requires package gsl >= 1.10, not found.

Then one must ask themselves:

    Do I have gsl installed?

Repeat for the other dependencies you find that you wish to have
installed but can't satisfy.

One may also try checking out the Build Guide on the wiki:

    http://gnuradio.org/redmine/wiki/gnuradio/BuildGuide

Locating their favorite distro and seeing if those instructions work.

Consider contributing back to the wiki if the instructions are out of
date and/or require updating.

> here's the screen shot
>
> for cblas_sgemm in -lscs... no
> checking for cblas_sgemm in -lcomplib.sgimath... no
> checking for cblas_sgemm in -lcblas... (cached) no
> checking for cblas_sgemm in -lcblas... (cached) no
> checking for cblas_sgemm in -lblas... no
> checking for cblas_sgemm in -lgslcblas... yes
> checking for GSL... no
> gnuradio-core requires package gsl >= 1.10, not found.
> Not building component gnuradio-core.
> Component pmt passed configuration checks; building.
> Component mblock passed configuration checks; building.
> checking whether stat file-mode macros are broken... no
> checking for fcntl.h... (cached) yes
> checking for sys/time.h... (cached) yes
> checking for unistd.h... (cached) yes
> checking whether getenv is declared... yes
> checking linux/usbdevice_fs.h usability... yes
> checking linux/usbdevice_fs.h presence... yes
> checking for linux/usbdevice_fs.h... yes
> checking for fast usb technique to use... linux
> checking for mkstemp... yes
> checking for mkstemp limitations... no
> checking whether byte ordering is bigendian... (cached) no
> checking for byteswap.h... (cached) yes
> checking linux/compiler.h usability... no
> checking linux/compiler.h presence... no
> checking for linux/compiler.h... no
> checking for getrusage... yes
> checking for sched_setscheduler... (cached) yes
> checking for pthread_setschedparam... yes
> checking for sigaction... (cached) yes
> checking for snprintf... (cached) yes
> checking for USB... yes
> checking for sdcc... sdcc -mmcs51 --no-xinit-opt
> checking for asx8051... asx8051 -plosgff
> checking sdcc_version "2.6.0"... 2.6.0
> Component usrp passed configuration checks; building.
> checking whether host_os is linux*... yes
> checking for arpa/inet.h... (cached) yes
> checking for byteswap.h... (cached) yes
> checking linux/if_packet.h usability... yes
> checking linux/if_packet.h presence... yes
> checking for linux/if_packet.h... yes
> checking sys/socket.h usability... yes
> checking sys/socket.h presence... yes
> checking for sys/socket.h... yes
> checking sys/un.h usability... yes
> checking sys/un.h presence... yes
> checking for sys/un.h... yes
> checking for struct msghdr.msg_control... yes
> checking for struct msghdr.msg_accrights... no
> checking for struct cmsgcred.cmcred_uid... no
> checking for struct ucred.uid... yes
> Component usrp2 passed configuration checks; building.
> Component gr-usrp requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-usrp.
> Component gr-usrp2 requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-usrp2.
> Component gr-gcell requires gcell, which is not being built or specified via
> pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-gcell.
> Component gr-audio-alsa requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-audio-alsa.
> Component gr-audio-jack requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-audio-jack.
> Component gr-audio-oss requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-audio-oss.
> Component gr-audio-osx requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-audio-osx.
> Component gr-audio-portaudio requires gnuradio-core, which is not being
> built or specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-audio-portaudio.
> Component gr-audio-windows requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built
> or specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-audio-windows.
> Component gr-cvsd-vocoder requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built
> or specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-cvsd-vocoder.
> Component gr-gpio passed configuration checks; building.
> Component gr-gsm-fr-vocoder requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built
> or specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-gsm-fr-vocoder.
> Component gr-pager requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-pager.
> Component gr-radar-mono requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-radar-mono.
> Component gr-radio-astronomy requires gnuradio-core, which is not being
> built or specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-radio-astronomy.
> Component gr-trellis requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-trellis.
> Component gr-video-sdl requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-video-sdl.
> Component gr-wxgui requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-wxgui.
> Component gr-qtgui requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> checking for PyQt4 for Qt4... yes
> checking for QTCORE... yes
> checking for QTGUI... yes
> checking for QTOPENGL... yes
> checking qwt/qwt.h usability... yes
> checking qwt/qwt.h presence... yes
> checking for qwt/qwt.h... yes
> checking for main in -lqwt... yes
> checking qwtplot3d/qwt3d_plot.h usability... no
> checking qwtplot3d/qwt3d_plot.h presence... no
> checking for qwtplot3d/qwt3d_plot.h... no
> checking qwtplot3d-qt4/qwt3d_plot.h usability... no
> checking qwtplot3d-qt4/qwt3d_plot.h presence... no
> checking for qwtplot3d-qt4/qwt3d_plot.h... no
> Could not find qwtplot3d headers
> Not building component gr-qtgui.
> Component gr-sounder requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-sounder.
> Component gr-utils requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built or
> specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gr-utils.
> Component gnuradio-examples requires gnuradio-core, which is not being built
> or specified via pre-installed files.
> Not building component gnuradio-examples.
> Component grc requires gr-wxgui, which is not being built or specified via
> pre-installed files.
> checking for xdg-mime... true
> Not building component grc.
> Component docs passed configuration checks; building.
> configure: creating ./config.status
> config.status: creating gruel/Makefile
> config.status: creating gruel/gruel.pc
> config.status: creating gruel/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gruel/src/include/Makefile
> config.status: creating gruel/src/include/gruel/Makefile
> config.status: creating gruel/src/include/gruel/inet.h
> config.status: creating gruel/src/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating omnithread/Makefile
> config.status: creating omnithread/gnuradio/Makefile
> config.status: creating omnithread/gnuradio-omnithread.pc
> config.status: creating gcell/Makefile
> config.status: creating gcell/gcell.pc
> config.status: creating gcell/gcell_spu.pc
> config.status: creating gcell/include/Makefile
> config.status: creating gcell/include/gcell/Makefile
> config.status: creating gcell/include/gcell/spu/Makefile
> config.status: creating gcell/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gcell/lib/spu/Makefile
> config.status: creating gcell/lib/general/Makefile
> config.status: creating gcell/lib/wrapper/Makefile
> config.status: creating gcell/lib/runtime/Makefile
> config.status: creating gcell/apps/Makefile
> config.status: creating gcell/apps/spu/Makefile
> config.status: creating gcell/ibm/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/gnuradio-core.pc
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/gen_interpolator_taps/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/filter/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/g72x/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/general/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/general/gr_prefix.cc
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/gengen/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/io/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/missing/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/reed-solomon/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/viterbi/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/runtime/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/hier/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/lib/swig/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/python/bin/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/python/gnuradio/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/python/gnuradio/blks2/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/python/gnuradio/blks2impl/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/python/gnuradio/gr/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/python/gnuradio/gr/run_tests
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/python/gnuradio/gru/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/python/gnuradio/gruimpl/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/python/gnuradio/vocoder/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/tests/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-core/src/utils/Makefile
> config.status: creating pmt/Makefile
> config.status: creating pmt/pmt.pc
> config.status: creating pmt/doc/Makefile
> config.status: creating pmt/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating pmt/src/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating pmt/src/scheme/Makefile
> config.status: creating pmt/src/scheme/gnuradio/Makefile
> config.status: creating mblock/Makefile
> config.status: creating mblock/mblock.pc
> config.status: creating mblock/doc/Makefile
> config.status: creating mblock/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating mblock/src/include/Makefile
> config.status: creating mblock/src/include/mblock/Makefile
> config.status: creating mblock/src/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating mblock/src/scheme/Makefile
> config.status: creating mblock/src/scheme/gnuradio/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/usrp.pc
> config.status: creating usrp/usrp.iss
> config.status: creating usrp/doc/Doxyfile
> config.status: creating usrp/doc/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/doc/other/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/host/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/host/misc/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/host/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/host/lib/legacy/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/host/lib/legacy/std_paths.h
> config.status: creating usrp/host/swig/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/host/apps/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/firmware/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/firmware/include/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/firmware/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/firmware/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/firmware/src/common/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/firmware/src/usrp2/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/fpga/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/fpga/rbf/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/fpga/rbf/rev2/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp/fpga/rbf/rev4/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp2/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp2/host/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp2/host/usrp2.pc
> config.status: creating usrp2/host/include/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp2/host/include/usrp2/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp2/host/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating usrp2/host/apps/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-usrp/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-usrp/gnuradio-usrp.pc
> config.status: creating gr-usrp/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-usrp/src/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-usrp/apps/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-usrp2/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-usrp2/gnuradio-usrp2.pc
> config.status: creating gr-usrp2/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-usrp2/src/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-gcell/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gcell/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gcell/src/examples/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gcell/src/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-audio-alsa/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-audio-alsa/gr-audio-alsa.pc
> config.status: creating gr-audio-alsa/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-audio-alsa/src/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-audio-jack/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-audio-jack/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-audio-jack/src/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-audio-oss/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-audio-oss/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-audio-oss/src/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-audio-osx/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-audio-osx/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-audio-osx/src/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-audio-portaudio/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-audio-portaudio/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-audio-portaudio/src/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-audio-windows/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-audio-windows/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-audio-windows/src/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-cvsd-vocoder/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-cvsd-vocoder/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-cvsd-vocoder/src/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-cvsd-vocoder/src/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-cvsd-vocoder/src/python/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-gpio/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gpio/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gpio/src/fpga/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gpio/src/fpga/include/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gpio/src/fpga/top/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gpio/src/fpga/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gpio/src/fpga/rbf/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gpio/src/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gsm-fr-vocoder/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gsm-fr-vocoder/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gsm-fr-vocoder/src/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gsm-fr-vocoder/src/lib/gsm/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gsm-fr-vocoder/src/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-gsm-fr-vocoder/src/python/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-pager/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-pager/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-pager/src/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-radar-mono/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radar-mono/doc/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radar-mono/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radar-mono/src/fpga/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radar-mono/src/fpga/top/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radar-mono/src/fpga/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radar-mono/src/fpga/models/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radar-mono/src/fpga/tb/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radar-mono/src/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radar-mono/src/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radar-mono/src/python/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-radio-astronomy/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radio-astronomy/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radio-astronomy/src/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radio-astronomy/src/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-radio-astronomy/src/python/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-trellis/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-trellis/doc/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-trellis/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-trellis/src/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-trellis/src/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-trellis/src/python/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-trellis/src/examples/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-trellis/src/examples/fsm_files/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-video-sdl/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-video-sdl/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-video-sdl/src/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-wxgui/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-wxgui/gr-wxgui.pc
> config.status: creating gr-wxgui/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-wxgui/src/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-wxgui/src/python/plotter/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-qtgui/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-qtgui/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-qtgui/src/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-qtgui/src/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-sounder/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-sounder/doc/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-sounder/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-sounder/src/fpga/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-sounder/src/fpga/top/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-sounder/src/fpga/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-sounder/src/fpga/tb/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-sounder/src/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-sounder/src/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-sounder/src/python/run_tests
> config.status: creating gr-utils/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-utils/src/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-utils/src/lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating gr-utils/src/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/c++/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/apps/hf_explorer/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/apps/hf_radio/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/apps/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/audio/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/digital/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/digital_voice/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/digital-bert/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/mp-sched/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/multi-antenna/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/multi_usrp/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/network/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/ofdm/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/usrp/Makefile
> config.status: creating gnuradio-examples/python/usrp2/Makefile
> config.status: creating grc/Makefile
> config.status: creating grc/base/Makefile
> config.status: creating grc/blocks/Makefile
> config.status: creating grc/examples/Makefile
> config.status: creating grc/freedesktop/Makefile
> config.status: creating grc/grc_gnuradio/Makefile
> config.status: creating grc/gui/Makefile
> config.status: creating grc/python/Makefile
> config.status: creating grc/scripts/Makefile
> config.status: creating docs/Makefile
> config.status: creating docs/doxygen/Doxyfile
> config.status: creating docs/doxygen/Makefile
> config.status: creating docs/doxygen/other/Makefile
> config.status: creating docs/doxygen/xml-swig/Makefile
> config.status: creating Makefile
> config.status: creating run_tests.sh
> config.status: creating config/Makefile
> config.status: creating config.h
> config.status: config.h is unchanged
> config.status: executing depfiles commands
> config.status: executing libtool commands
> config.status: executing run_tests_build commands
> === configuring in usrp2/firmware (/root/gnuradio-3.2.2/usrp2/firmware)
> configure: running /bin/sh ./configure.gnu --disable-option-checking
> '--prefix=/usr/local'  --cache-file=/dev/null --srcdir=.
> configure: WARNING: If you wanted to set the --build type, don't use --host.
>     If a cross compiler is detected then cross compile mode will be used.
> checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
> checking whether build environment is sane... yes
> checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
> checking for gawk... gawk
> checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
> checking for mb-strip... no
> checking for strip... strip
> Component usrp2 passed configuration checks; building.
> checking for style of include used by make... GNU
> checking for mb-gcc... no
> checking for gcc... gcc
> checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
> checking whether the C compiler works... yes
> checking whether we are cross compiling... no
> checking for suffix of executables...
> checking for suffix of object files... o
> checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
> checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
> checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
> checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
> checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
> checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
> checking for mb-ranlib... no
> checking for ranlib... ranlib
> checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
> checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
> checking for ANSI C header files... yes
> checking for sys/types.h... yes
> checking for sys/stat.h... yes
> checking for stdlib.h... yes
> checking for string.h... yes
> checking for memory.h... yes
> checking for strings.h... yes
> checking for inttypes.h... yes
> checking for stdint.h... yes
> checking for unistd.h... yes
> checking arpa/inet.h usability... yes
> checking arpa/inet.h presence... yes
> checking for arpa/inet.h... yes
> checking netinet/in.h usability... yes
> checking netinet/in.h presence... yes
> checking for netinet/in.h... yes
> checking byteswap.h usability... yes
> checking byteswap.h presence... yes
> checking for byteswap.h... yes
> checking whether byte ordering is bigendian... no
> checking for mb-gcc... no
> usrp2 firmware requires mb-gcc.  Not found
> Not building component usrp2-firmware.
> configure: creating ./config.status
> config.status: creating apps/Makefile
> config.status: creating include/Makefile
> config.status: creating lib/Makefile
> config.status: creating Makefile
> config.status: creating config/Makefile
> config.status: creating config.h
> config.status: config.h is unchanged
> config.status: executing depfiles commands
> *********************************************************************
> The following components were skipped either because you asked not
> to build them or they didn't pass configuration checks:
>
> usrp2-firmware
>
> These components will not be built.
>
>
> *********************************************************************
> The following GNU Radio components have been successfully configured:
>
> config
> gruel
> omnithread
> pmt
> mblock
> usrp
> usrp2
> gr-gpio
> docs
>
> You my now run the make command to build these components.
>
> *********************************************************************
> The following components were skipped either because you asked not
> to build them or they didn't pass configuration checks:
>
> gcell
> gnuradio-core
> gr-usrp
> gr-usrp2
> gr-gcell
> gr-audio-alsa
> gr-audio-jack
> gr-audio-oss
> gr-audio-osx
> gr-audio-portaudio
> gr-audio-windows
> gr-cvsd-vocoder
> gr-gsm-fr-vocoder
> gr-pager
> gr-radar-mono
> gr-radio-astronomy
> gr-trellis
> gr-video-sdl
> gr-wxgui
> gr-qtgui
> gr-sounder
> gr-utils
> gnuradio-examples
> grc
>
> These components will not be built.
>
> address@hidden gnuradio-3.2.2]#
>
>
> i'd be grateful for the help.
>
> -asad

Good luck.

Brian

PS - Sorry for the somewhat sarcastic reply, but the same question has
been asked and answered so many times it must be extremely easy by now
to find information on this subject.  Let the list help you, but don't
use it as a crutch.